The goal of this workshop is to provide builders and users of lexical resources (researchers in NLP, psychologists, computational lexicographers) a forum to share their knowledge and needs concerning the construction, organization, and use of a lexicon by people (lexical access) and machines (NLP, IR, data mining). 

Put differently, we pursue both practical and theoretical goals: 

• enhance lexical resources (e.g., electronic dictionaries, build a multi-level, i.e, integrated lexicon);

• extend their usage (reading aid, subliminal communication, support memorization);

• improve our understanding of the mental lexicon (organization).

Like in the past, we invite researchers to address unsolved problems concerning the lexicon, by considering this time however also Large Language Models (LLMs). More precisely, we would like to gain insights concerning the potential of such models in building lexical resources and in addressing cognitive aspects of the lexicon. 

We solicit contributions including, but not limited to, the topics listed below, topics, which can be considered from any of the following points of view: 

• traditional-, computational- or corpus linguistics,

• neuro- or psycholinguistics (tip of the tongue problem, word associations), 

• mathematics (vector-based approaches, graph theory, small-world problems), etc.

Possible Topics

The potential of Large Language Models

• Building of lexical resources;

• Emulate specific aspects of the mental lexicon (for example, word access).

Organization, i.e., structure of the lexicon

• Micro- and macrostructure of the lexicon;

• Indexical categories (taxonomies, thesaurus-like topical structures, etc.);

• Map of the lexicon (topology) and relations between words (word associations).

The meaning of words and how to reveal it

• Lexical representation (holistic, decomposed);

• Meaning representation (concept-based, primitives);

• Distributional semantics (count models, neural embeddings, etc. )

Analysis of the conceptual input given by a dictionary user 

• What information do language producers typically provide when looking for a word (terms, relations)?

• What kind of relational information do they give: typed or untyped relations?

•  Which relations are typically used?

Methods for crafting dictionaries or indexes

• Manual, automatic, or collaborative building of dictionaries and indexes (crowdsourcing, serious games, etc.);

• Extraction of associations from corpora to build semantic networks supporting navigation;

• (Semi-) automatic induction of the link type (e.g., synonym, hypernym, meronym, association, collocation, ...).

Creation of new types of dictionaries

• Concept dictionary;

• The integral lexicon (multi-level lexicon);

• Dictionary of larger segments than words (clauses, phrasal elements);

• Dictionary of patterns or concept patterns;

• Dictionary of syllables.

Dictionary access (navigation and search strategies), interface issues

• Search based on sound (rhymes), meaning, or contextually related words (associations);

• Determination of appropriate search space based on the user’s cognitive state (information available at the onset) and meta-knowledge (knowledge concerning the relationship between the input and the target word);

• Identification of typical word access strategies (navigational patterns) used by people;

• Interface problems, data visualization.