Publications

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2025

J. Gim, M. Cho, J. Kim, K.-J. Lee, D. P. Neelakandan, C. Lee, Y. C. Jung, S. Kang, "Design and application of wireless tool temperature measurement of friction stir welding (FSW) for process monitoring and control", Measurement, 252 (2025), 117395.

J. Wanni, C. Lee, D.P. Neelakandan, B.K. Derby, O. El Atwani, J.A. Valdez, M.C. Gao, O. Mikayla, B. Gaskey, N. Li, S.J. Fensin, "Assessing thin films as predictors of bulk properties in high-throughput alloy design", Materials & Design, (2025), 114063.

Q. Wang, Z. Wang, R. Wang, A.J. Knowles, C.H. Zenk, G. Song, C. Lee, P.K. Liaw, T. Wang, "Mechanical behavior of BCC-superalloys", Scripta Materialia, (2025),14:116748.

K. Park, B. Cho, J. Cho, K. I. Oh, S. Y. Ha, S. H. Hong, B. Lee, C. Lee, G. Song, “Influence of Single Aging Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Ultra-Thin 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel”, Metals and Materials International, (2024) 1-12.

S. Mubassira, M. Fani, A. Raj, C. Hirt, R. S. Brinlee, A. Poozesh, W.-R. Jian, S. Z. Chavoshi, C. Lee, S. Xu, "Chemical short-range order and its influence on selected properties of non-dilute random alloys", Computational Materials Science, 248 (2025), 113587

K. Park, H. Iftikhar, S. Shin, Y. Jung, K. Lee, C. Lee, G. Song, "Balanced mechanical properties of Al0. 5CoCrFeNiTi0. 1 high entropy alloy under extreme environments from cryogenic temperature to 800℃", Journal of alloys and compounds, (2024) 178199 

M.P. Vallin, H. Yamaguchi, R. Karkee, C. Lee, R.M. Martinez, S.J. Fensin, J.B. Park, H.T. Vo, R.Z. Zhang, M.T. Pettes, "Thermal conductivity of graphene coated copper under uniaxial tensile mechanical strain." Nanoscale Advance, (2025) 3655-3663

2024

M. P. Vallin, R. Karkee, T. M. Kucinski, H. Zhao, H. Htoon, C. Lee, R. M. Martinez, S. J. Fensin, R. Z. Zhang, M. T. Pettes, "SnSe2 thermal conductivity from optothermal Raman and Stokes/anti-Stokes thermometry" Nanotechnology, 36, 9, (2024), 095401.

S. Hosseini, E. Vaghefi, C. Lee, B. Prorok, E. Mirkoohi,  “Machine Learning-enabled Prediction and Optimization of Hardness for Nb-Ti-V-Zr Refractory High Entropy Alloy”, Materials Today Communications, 40 (2024) 109607.  

D. P. Neelakandan, W. Kim, B. C. Prorok, E. Mirkoohi, D. Kim, P. K. Liaw, G. Song, C. Lee, “Effect of α”-Ti martensitic Phase Formation on Plasticity in Ti-Fe-Sn Ultrafine Eutectic Composites”, Micromachines, 15 (2024) 148.

A. A. Catal, E. Bedir, R. Yilmaz, M. A. Swider, C. Lee, O. El-Atwani, H. J. Maier, H. C. Ozdemir, D. Canadinc, “Machine Learning Assisted Design of Novel Refractory High Entropy Alloys with Enhanced Mechanical Properties”, Computational Materials Science, 231 (2024) 112612.

J. Kim, K. Park, S. J. Hong, S. H. Hong, K. B. Kim, J. Han, C. Lee, G. Song, “Designing L21-Co2TiAl Precipitate-strengthened Ferritic Alloys with Excellent High-temperature Mechanical Properties”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 891 (2024) 145984.

2023

A. M. Alvarado, C. Lee, J. S. Wróbel, D. Sobieraj, D. Nguyen-Manh, J. D. Poplawsky, S. Fensin, E. Martinez, O. El. Atwani, “Predicting short-range order evolution in WTaCrVHf refractory high-entropy alloys”, Scripta Materialia, 223 (2023) 115506.

O. El. Atwani, H. T. Vo, M. A. Tunes, C. Lee, A. Alvarado, N. Krienke, J. D. Poplawsky, A. A. Kohnert, J. Gigax, W-Y. Chen, M. Li, Y. Q. Wang, J. S. Wróbel, D. Nguyen-Manh, J. K. S. Baldwin, O. U. Tukac, E. Aydogan, S. Fensin, E. Martinez, “A quinary WTaCrVHf nanocrystalline refractory high-entropy alloy withholding extreme irradiation environments”, Nature Communications, 14, 1 (2023) 2516. 

J. Brechtl, C. Lee, P. K. Liaw, "High-entropy materials: fundamentals and applications", Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 23 (1), 2023.

2022

C. Lee, D. Xie, B. K. Derby, J. K. Baldwin, C. Tandoc, O. E. Atwani, Y. Hu, N. Li, S. Fensin, “An Experimentally Driven High-throughput Approach to Design Refractory High-entropy Alloys”, Materials & Design, 223 (2022) 111259. 

K. Park, B. Cho, S. J. Hong, K. R. Lim, C. Lee, G. Song, “Outstanding high-temperature strength of novel Fe–Cr–Ni–Al–V ferritic alloys with hierarchical B2–NiAl precipitates”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 840 (2022) 142999. 

C. Jorgensen, L. Santodonato, K. Littrell, C. H. Kuo, C. Lee, R. Unocic, P. K. Liaw, D. Gilbert, L. M. Debeer-Schmitt, “In-Situ Study of Microstructure Evolution of Spinodal Decomposition in an Al-Rich High-Entropy Alloy”, Frontiers in Materials, 9 (2022) 827333. 

S. Lin, J. Lin, W. Yu, C. Lee, C. Hung, J. D. Poplawsky, P. K. Liaw, Y. Chou, “Biocompatibility of NbTaTiVZr with Surface Modifications for Osteoblasts”, ACS Applied Bio Materials, 5, 2 (2022) 642-649. 

C. Lee, G. Song, M. C. Gao, L. Ouyang, K. An, S. J. Saryu, P. K. Liaw, “Effects of Zr addition on lattice strains and electronic structures of NbTaTiV high-entropy alloy”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 831 (2022) 142293. 

2021

Y. Jung, K. Lee, S. J. Hong, J. K. Lee, J. Han, K. B. Kim, P. K. Liaw, C. Lee. G. Song, “Investigation of Phase-Transformation Path in TiZrHf(VNbTa)x Refractory High-entropy Alloys and Its Effect on Mechanical Property”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 886, 15 (2021) 161187. 

C. Lee, F. Maresca, R. Feng, Y. Chou, T. Ungar, M. Widom, K. An, J. Poplawsky, Y. C. Chou, P. K. Liaw, W. A. Curtin, “Strength Can be Controlled by Edge Dislocations in Refractory HighEntropy Alloys”, Nature Communications, 12, 1 (2021) 1-8 

J. Kim, S. J. Hong, J. K. Lee, K. B. Kim, J. H. Lee, J. Han, C. Lee, G. Song, “Development of coherent-precipitate-hardened high-entropy alloys with hierarchical NiAl/Ni2TiAl precipitates in CrMnFeCoNiAlxTiy alloys”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 823 (2021) 141763. 

Y. Chou, C. Lee, P. K. Liaw, Y. C. Chou “Measurement of lattice distortion in NbTaTiV and NbTaTiVZr using electron microscopy”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 52 (2021) 2094-2099. 

C. Lee, J. Brechtl, P. K. Liaw, “Research on bulk-metallic glasses and high-entropy alloys in Peter K. Liaw’s group and with his colleagues”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 52 (2021) 2033-2093. 

M. M. Schmitt, D. J. Savage, J. J. Wall, J. D. Yeager, C. Lee, S. C. Vogel, “Through-Thickness Microstructure Characterization in a Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Nuclear Reactor Primary Loop Pipe Using Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction”, Quantum Beam Science, 5, 2 (2021) 12. 

K. Lee, Y. Jung, J. Han, S. H. Hong, K. B. Kim, P. K. Liaw, C. Lee, G. Song, “Development of Precipitation-Strengthened Al0.8NbTiVM (M = Co, Ni) Light-Weight Refractory High-Entropy Alloys”, Materials, 14, 8 (2021) 2085. 

A.N.M. Tanvir, M.R. Ahsan, G. Seo, B. Bates, C. Lee, P.K. Liaw, M. Noakes, A. Nycz, C. Ji, D.B. Kim, “Phase stability and mechanical properties of wire + arc additively manufactured H13 tool steel at elevated temperatures”, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 67 (2021) 80-94. 

K. Park, S.J. Hong, S.H. Song, S.H. Hong, K.B. Kim, J. Han, K. Park, C. Lee, P.K. Liaw, G. Song, “Developing high-strength ferritic alloys reinforced by combination of hierarchical and laves precipitates”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 856 (2021) 158162 

K. Lee, Y. Jung, J. Han, S. H. Hong, K. B. Kim, P. K. Liaw, C. Lee, G. Song, "Development of precipitation-strengthened Al0. 8NbTiVM (M= Co, Ni) light-weight refractory high-entropy alloys", Materials, 14 (8), 2085, 2021.

2020

C. Lee, Y. Chou, G. Kim, M.C. Gao, K. An, J. Brechtl, C. Zhang, W. Chen J. Poplawsky, G. Song, Y. Ren, Y. C. Chou, P. K. Liaw, “Lattice‐Distortion‐Enhanced Yield Strength in a Refractory High‐ Entropy Alloy”, Advanced Materials, 32, 49 (2020) 2004029. 

C. Lee, G. Kim, Y. Chou, B. L. Musico, M. C. Gao, K. An, G. Song, Y. C. Chou, V. Keppens, W. Chen, and P. K. Liaw, “Temperature dependence of elastic and plastic deformation behavior of a refractory high-entropy alloy”, Science Advances, 6, 37 (2020) eaaz4748. 

F. Maresca, C. Lee, R. Feng, Y. Chou, T. Ungar, M. Widom, K. An, J. Poplawsky, Y.-C. Chou, P. Liaw, Edge dislocations can control yield strength in refractory body-centered-cubic high entropy alloys, arXiv preprint arXiv:2008.11671 2020.

J. Brechtl, S. Chen, C. Lee, Y. Shi, R. Feng, X. Xie, D. Hamblin, A.M. Coleman, B. Straka, H. Shortt, R. J. Spurling, P. K. Liaw, A Review of the Serrated-Flow Phenomenon and Its Role in the Deformation Behavior of High-Entropy Alloys, Metals 10(8) (2020) 1101. 

M.R. Ahsan, A. Tanvir, G. Seo, B. Bates, W. Hawkins, C. Lee, P. K. Liaw, M. Noakes, A. Nycz, D.B. Kim, Heat-treatment effects on a bimetallic additively-manufactured structure (BAMS) of the low-carbon steel and austenitic-stainless steel, Additive Manufacturing 32 (2020) 101036. 

2019

G. Kim, H. Diao, C. Lee, A. Samaei, T. Phan, M. de Jong, K. An, D. Ma, P.K. Liaw, W. Chen, First-principles and machine learning predictions of elasticity in severely lattice-distorted highentropy alloys with experimental validation, Acta Materialia 181 (2019) 124-138. 

Z. Lyu, C. Lee, S. Wang, X. Fan, J. Yeh, P.K. Liaw, “Effects of Consitituent Elements and Fabrication Methods on Mechanical Behavior of High-Entropy Alloys: A review”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 50A (2019) 1-28. 

2018

C. Lee, G. Song, M. C. Gao, R. Feng, P. Chen, Y. Chen, K. An, W. Guo, J. Poplawsky, S. Li, A. T. Samaei, W. Chen, A. Hu, H. Choo, and P. K. Liaw, “Lattice distortion in a strong and ductile refractory high-entropy alloy”, Acta Materialia, 160 (2018), 158-172.

Z. Lyu, X. Fan, C. Lee, S. Wang, R. Feng, and P. K. Liaw, “Fundamental understanding of mechanical behavior of high-entropy alloys at low temperatures: A review”, Journal of Materials Research, 33, 19 (2018) 2998-3010. 

P. Chen, C. Lee, S. Wang, M. Seifi, J. J. Lewandowski, K. A. Dahmen, H. Jia, X. Xie B. Chen, J. W. Yeh, C. W. Tsai, T. Yuan, and P. K. Liaw, “Fatigue behavior of high-entropy alloys: A review”, Science China Technological Science, 61, 2 (2018) 168-178. 

2012 - 2017

G. Song, C. Lee, S. H. Hong, K. B. Kim, S. Chen, D. Ma, K. An, and P. K. Liaw, “Martensitic transformation in a B2-containing CuZr-based BMG composite revealed by in situ neutron diffraction”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 723, (2017) 714-421. 

R. Feng, M. C. Gao, C. Lee, M. Mathes, T. T. Zuo, S. Chen, J. A. Hawk, Y. Zhang, and P. K. Liaw, “Design of light-weight high-entropy alloys”, Entropy, 18, 9 (2016) 333.

G. Sathiaraj, C. Lee, C. Tsai, J. Yeh, and P. Bhattacharjee, "Evolution of microstructure and crystallographic texture in severely cold rolled high entropy equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi alloy during annealing", IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, 012068 (2015).

C. Lee, J. T. Kim, S. H. Hong, G. A. Song, J. H. Jo, S. C. Moon, K. B. Kim, “Investigation of the mechanical properties of Ti-Fe-Sn ultrafine eutectic composites by dendrite phase selection”, Met. Mater. Int., 20, 3, (2014) 417-419. 

C. Lee, S. H. Hong, J. T. Kim, H. J. Park, G. A. Song, J. M. Park, J. Y. Suh, Y. Seo, M. Qian, K. B. Kim, “Chemical heterogeneity-induced plasticity in Ti-Fe-Bi ultrafine eutectic alloys”, Materials & Design, 60 (2014) 363-367. 

J. T. Kim, S. H. Hong, C. H. Lee, J. M. Park, T. W. Kim, W. H. Lee, H. I. Yim, and K. B. Kim. “Plastic deformation behavior of Fe-Co-B-Si-Nb-Cr bulk metallic glasses under nanoindentation”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 587 (2014) 415-419. 

E. M. Park, C. H. Lee, J. M. Park, J. H. Han, G. A. Song, J. T. Kim, S. H. Hong, J. Y. Park, Y. Seo, N. S. Lee, K. B. Kim, “Heterogeneous duplex structured Ti-Sn-Mo alloys with high strength and large plastic deformability”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 574 (2013) 546-551. 

C. Lee, J. H. Jo, S. C. Mun, J. T. Kim, E. J. Yeo, K. B. Kim, “Influence of minor element on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiFe ultrafine eutectic alloys”, Korean Journal of Materials Research, 22, 11 (2012) 615-619.