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Refactoring is a systematic process of improving code without creating new functionality that can transform a mess into clean code and simple design.
Refactoring techniques describe actual 
refactoring 
steps. 
Most 
refactoring 
techniques have 
their pros and cons. 
Therefore, each refactoring should be properly 
motivated and 
applied with 
caution.
Indicators of problems that can be addressed during refactoring. 
Code smells are 
easy to spot and fix, but 
they may be justsymptons 
of a deeper problem 
with code.
Performing refactoring step-by-step and running tests after each change are key elements of refactoring that make it predictable and safe.
Dirty Code
Dirty code is result of inexperience multiplied by tight deadlines, mismanagement, and nasty shortcuts taken during the development process.
Clean Code is code that is easy to read, understand and maintain. Clean Code makes software development predictable and increases the quality of a resulting product.