Highway engineering is an engineering discipline branching from civil engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of roads, bridges, and tunnels to ensure safe and effective transportation of people and goods. Standards of highway engineering are continuously being improved. Highway engineers must take into account future traffic flows, design of highway intersections/interchanges, geometric alignment and design, highway pavement materials and design, structural design of pavement thickness, and pavement maintenance.
Traffic Engineering is concerned mainly with traffic and how it flows. It helps to optimize the performance and efficiency of the movement of people, goods, and transportation. In the field of traffic engineering, engineers must look at the whole picture in order to maximize traffic flow and reduce instanced of congestion: the movement of vehicles on roads and highways; the movement of pedestrians. Through data collection of road construction, land development, and traffic signals, and build traffic studies from them–allowing them to come up with new and inventive ways to optimize the construction of roads, freeways, and other forms of ground transportation.