We provide RCC, PCC, RFC and earthen design for many types of dams here: 

What is dam?

A dam is a barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level, forming a reservoir used to generate electricity or as a water supply. Dams can be used to store water, control flooding, and generate electricity. 

How to choose the type of dam?

Choosing the right type of dam depends on several factors such as geology and foundation conditions, availability of materials, spillway size and location, earthquake zone, height of the dam, and cost of construction and maintenance. The following are some of the most common types of dams:

1. Earth Dams: These are made up of soil that is pounded down solidly. They are built in areas where foundation is not strong enough to withstand the weight of concrete dam and where the earth is easily available.

2. Rock-fill Dams: These are constructed from loose rocks and boulders piled in riverbed. A slab of R.C.C is often laid across the upstream side to make the dam watertight.

3. Gravity Dams: These are one of the most expensive dams to be constructed. They are more durable and solid than rock-fill and earth dam. They can be constructed on site, where the natural foundation is strong enough to bear the self-weight of dam.

4. Hollow Masonry Dams: These contain less concrete or masonry about 30% to 40%. Generally, the weight of water is carried by deck of R.C.C or by arch action. These types of dams are difficult to build are adopted only when the skilled labor is available.

5. Arch Dams: These are curved in plan and carry at major part of its water load horizontally to the abutment by arch action. Arch dams are very complicated in design and even for construction. It is preferred when the site is extremely high and narrow valley portion is available 2.

6. Buttress Dams: These are built across number of piers or buttresses. This type of dams requires skilled labors for its construction.

The choice of dam type depends on the site characteristics. For example, a narrow U-shaped valley flowing between high rocky walls would suggest a concrete dam. A low-rolling plane country would suggest an earth fill dam. A narrow V-shaped valley indicates choice of an arch dam. 

Planning and design of dams.

A multi-tasking activity of planning and design of dams is conducted in which various tasks are as follows:

1. Site selection

2. topographic surveys

3. water availability assessment,

4. sizing and layout,

5. geologic surveys and construction materials investigations

6. geologic evaluation of foundation, rim, abutment and pond area

7. dam section design

8. dam seepage and stability analysis

9. Diversion arrangements details (diversion tunnel, coffer dam)

10. floods and spillways

11. hydropower works.

12. irrigation outlets and irrigation system design

13. Reservoir sedimentation

14. Reservoir operation studies

15. Material quantities and costing

16. Environmental studies

17. Land acquisition and replacement, etc.

Thus, planning and design of dam is a multi-disciplinary task and require teamwork of following disciplines:

1. Project Manager

2. Water resources engineer

3. Layout planner

4. Surveyors (topographic and elevation)

5. Hydrology + meteorology

6. Engineering geologist, Geophysist / Siesmologist

7. Geotechnical and Geophysical exploration specialist / Drillers

8. Geo-technical / foundation design engineers

9. Hydraulic engineer

10. Structural engineer (for structural design of outlets, spillway. Powerhouse, energy dissipation)

11. Mechanical engineer (for design of controls, gates, valves, hoists,

12. Hydropower engineer

13. Electrical engineer

14. Infrastructure / road / municipal engineer / Civil engineer

15. Instrumentation and telecommunication engineer

16. Environmental engineer, Environmental scientists (fish, wild life, flora, fauna, etc)

17. Economists

18. Construction planner / manager

19. Quantity Surveyor / Costing engineer

20. Irrigation engineer

21. Irrigation agronomist

22. Soil experts

Design of dams.

1. The construction of dam should be economical.

2. Dam should be feasible to construct e.g availability of labor, material, experienced and skilled personnel etc.

3. Dam should be durable and safety against erosion should be provided i.e it should have a longer lifetime.

4. It should be stable.

5. Saturation line of the dam should be in the downstream face.

6. Dam body as well as foundation of the dam should be safe from piping.

7. Environmental disturbance should be minimum.

Methods of buying and receiving the design package:

First, pay the price of the product using one of the following methods,

• Bank account, Hawala

• Cash payment

• credit card

Then the file will be sent to your WhatsApp or email.