A few titles are always capped up, whether you name the person or not.
ie the King (only when referring to the British Monarch), the Pope, the Archbishop of Canterbury or York.The following titles are capped up when you name the person. On subsequent reference, you would lowercase the titles of:
Current prime ministers, presidents, UK cabinet positions, US senators and governors, judges, police, military and church ranks.
One job title always capped up for clarity is the Speaker of the House of Commons.
ie the Speaker, Speaker HoyleThe following titles are never capped up: Foreign politicians (except heads of state), ministers outside of the cabinet, shadow cabinet members, former presidents and prime ministers, councillors, first lady, vice president, firefighters, NHS staff.
ie Chancellor Jeremy Hunt was questioned by shadow chancellor Rachel Reeves in Parliament.Use lower case for all jobs outside politics, with or without a name:
ie the director general of the BBC, Lord Hall...
Governments are not capped up, but the British Government is. You can abbreviate to Gov't in short headlines.
Capitalise Parliament with reference only to Westminster in any context, and the Scottish, Welsh and European Parliaments where you are giving the full title.
Government, but the cabinet
Houses of Parliament, House of Commons, House of Lords (Lords and Commons)
The Opposition is the single biggest party not in Government. Sir Keir Starmer is the leader of the Opposition. Sir Ed Davey and Stephen Flynn are leaders of opposition parties in Parliament.
Government departments and select committees
ie the Department for EducationConservative Party, Labour Party (capital p)
Lib Dem, Lib Dems: Both are fine to use in headlines, standfirsts and main body text - but use Liberal Democrats at first reference in the main story.
Senate, House of Representatives, Congress
Foreign government departments are capped down, except when writing the full title of US departments, but use British spelling
ie the Russian foreign ministryMilitary: the army, the navy, the armed forces, but the Royal Navy, the RAF etc (when referring to British military).
Foreign armies are always capped down.
Twitter/tweets: After the its rebrand, we say X (formerly Twitter). We don't say tweets, we say posts.
Always cap up for proper nouns, such as place names.
ie South Kensington, East Dulwich, North GreenwichGenerally, use northwest, south, north, southeast etc all capped down unless:
The eight regions of England: Greater London, South East, South West, West Midlands, North West, North East, Yorkshire and the Humber, East Midlands
Also cap up: the North, the South when referring to England, the Midlands, South Wales, North Wales, West Wales (there’s no East Wales, though), the West and Western powers (when referring to Europe and the US)
Cap down: south London, east London, west London, north London, the east and west when referring to the UK or England.
ie I visited the Natural History Museum in South Kensington, in west London