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This project studies citation in works printed from the late 16th century to the early 19th century. Focusing on works from France, this project traces the reuse of pieces of information, examining how cited material is treated and how references to cited works are constructed.

During this process, this project asks some of the following questions: What do citations look like? How do they treat the information being cited? What kind of information is provided to refer to the work being cited from?

To help answer these questions, I draw from prior research on citation to determine characteristics of the citations I encounter here.

Project Notes

Due to the particular formatting of this website, it is advised to view it on PC, in a full-size browser window.

This digital exhibit is the final product of a capstone project for the Textual Studies and Digital Humanities minor program at the University of Washington. The project was conducted under the advisement of Geoffrey Turnovsky and Nikita Willeford Kastrinos in the spring quarter of 2025.

The majority of the research was conducted by looking at a source, finding a citation, and following that citation to the source. As an inherent limitation of this method of research, questions regarding a lack of citation for reused information cannot be addressed.

Research was conducted in the Special Collections of the University of Washington Libraries. Images were taken using the KIC Click Mini overhead scanner available in the Special Collections reading room on the basement level of Allen Library South. Image post-processing was done in Microsoft Paint and Paint 3D.

I would like to thank Geoff and Nikita for their guidance. I would also like to thank all the staff at Special Collections for their indispensable aid in my research, without which this project would not have been possible.