Trig
EXPLAINED

I decided to make this because if you didn't know the basis of trigonometry, then you would wouldn't of known what I was on about when talking about the trig chips. Also because so you can realise use cases for the trig chips, so you know when to use them.

Basic Functions

The Sin chip uses the Sin wave which looks like:

The Sin wave of course, goes on forever because it's input can be any value.

Now, how on this god green Earth did you derive this Sin Wave!?

The Sin wave comes from this rule:

Sin(θ (theta)) = opposite/hypoteneuse

You can derive the Cos wave from this too from another rule:

Cos(θ) = adjacent/hypoteneuse

The Cos wave is perfectly similar to the Sin wave, just the wave is shifted 1/4 of a period (time it takes to reach output value when input is 0) or 90 degrees.

Now, the most important rule (That really isn't that important) is:

Tan(θ) = opposite/adjacent

Inverse functions

The inverse functions, basically swap the input and the output so the inversin sin function would go as so:

Asin(opposite/hypoteneuse) = θ

The other functions are similar:

Acos(adjacent/hypoteneuse) = θ

Now an actually important function:

Atan(opposite/adjacent) = θ

This is useful because look at it this way:

Then the Atan function would basically turn into:

Atan(y/x) = θ

It turns a coordinate into an angle! Useful when you want to make a box's lid open, doors open and basically anything rotate to a point. However, there is one problem. When either x or y are negative, you get a distorted result. For example if the y was 5 and the x was -5, then the input fed into the Atan function would be -1 which leads to an output of -45 degrees. To fix this, you need to detect if any of them are negative, and if so add 180 to the result. Now it actually works! But there is a chip called Atan2 that does all of this in a single chip. I recommend to use that if you're not modifying it's inner workings for a specialised reason.