Cinematic shots are a series of frames that run uninterrupted in a visually appealing or unique way. Filmmakers often utilize cinematic shots to present ideas, narrative elements, movement, and emotion to the audience.
A medium shot provides more detail on the subject, framing them from about the waist up in most cases. It differs from an eye-level shot in that it provides more context of the surroundings. Scene from X-Men: Days of Future Past
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Often overlooked as a key step in the filmmaking process, creating a storyboard is vital to the outcome of the film. A storyboard is especially important in a narrative film, as it involves creating the shot list and defining how you plan to shoot each scene.
Framing, also known as composition, controls how well the audience can focus on the subject in relation to its surroundings. Some of the elements to consider in the framing process include focal points, blocking, angle, and depth.
The ability of a camera to record dark and bright areas simultaneously is called its dynamic range. Capturing images and footage with different lighting in the scenes can alter the mood and create depth. This trailer is a great example:
A codec file is a packaged, compressed file that your camera delivers to a computer for editing. Instead, shoot in a different file format called RAW to transfer the raw pixel information from the camera, rather than transferring compressed video or photo images.
A prime lens provides sharper images and can typically perform better in low light settings. Using one on your camera can transform the depth of field as well. Play around with adapters and other lens types, too.
Before you finish your film, take the time to correct and grade the colors in all the footage. Becoming a well-rounded filmmaker starts with knowing the best techniques used in the industry today. Apply for the Cinema Production Diploma at Nashville Film Institute to begin your career.
A camera shot is composed of the series of frames that are shot uninterrupted from the moment the camera starts rolling until it stops. Camera shots are an essential aspect of filmmaking and video productions, because by combining different types of shots, angles and camera movements, the filmmakers are able to emphasize specific emotions, ideas and movement for each scene.
Medium shots may seem like the most standard camera shot around, but every shot size you choose will have an effect on the viewer. A medium shot can often be used as a buffer shot for dialogue scenes that have an important moment later that will be shown in a close-up shot.
Of all the different types of camera shot sizes in film, a close-up is perfect for important moments. The close-up shot size is near enough to register tiny emotions, but not so close that we lose visibility.
An extreme close-up is the most you can fill a frame with your subject. It often shows eyes, mouth and gun triggers. In extreme close-up shots, smaller objects get great detail and are the focal point.
We cover a lot of shot specs in this post, but don't worry. You don't need to memorize everything in this post. If you use StudioBinder when shot listing, all these specs are listed as checkboxes for easy selection.
Camera shot framing is the art and science of placing subjects in your shots. Camera shots are all about composition. Rather than pointing the camera at the subject, you need to compose an image.
Based on how you plan to position your subjects, you'll need to adjust your camerawork. You'll want to capture your framing details on a shot list well before you arrive on set. That way you have a clear idea for the scene and can communicate your vision with ease.
The reason is because you can have an over-the-shoulder single, also known as a "dirty single" that technically has more than one person in the frame, but the character in the foreground isn't featured:
Three shots are really important in adventure films, or really any film that has a group of characters, because it is an enormous time drain to shoot 3 singles just to show every character, not to mention jarring.
You'll gain a similar effect from an over-the-hip shot as you would an OTS, but if you have one character standing, and the other sitting, kneeling, or any other configuration that places the subjects on "uneven terrain" it will often suggest a power imbalance. This is the benefit of blocking and staging your actors and camera.
Cinema and television give the director an uncanny ability to control the audience's vision. You can shift and change points of view as people learn new information, move locations, or switch perspectives.
Depth of field (DOF) is the term used to describe the size of the area in your image where objects appear acceptably sharp. The area in question is known as the field, and the size (in z-space) of that area is the depth of that field.
The center most point of the field is known as the point of focus. The imaginary two dimensional plane that extends from that point is known as the plane of focus. And any part of your image that falls directly on this plane is officially in focus.
There are various types of camera focus to choose from, each with their own unique storytelling properties. Here's a video breakdown of each type with examples of how they enhance the visual storytelling.
Whereas deep focus keeps everything in focus, and shallow focus keeps something in focus, soft focus shots keep nothing in 100% sharp focus. This is caused by either a flaw in the lens itself or through special filters.
A split diopter is an additional lens element that allows for two simultaneous focal lengths. In other words, you can achieve shallow focus in the foreground AND in the background, while the middle ground remains out of focus.
This is a highly stylized shot and tends to draw attention to itself because it is "unnatural." The human eye can see in deep or shallow focus but not both at the same time, which is why this type of camera shot should used with caution.
The camera shot angle is used to specify the location where the camera is placed to take a shot. The position of the camera in relation to the subjects can affect the way the viewer perceives the scene. A scene may be shot simultaneously from multiple camera angles to amplify the cinematic effect and the emotions.
There are many camera angles at a filmmaker's disposal and can even be combined for additional effect. Here's a rundown of every camera angle, how they work, and whey they might work best in your next shot list.
Affordable drones have made aerial photography more accessible to filmmakers. Once considered a big-budget luxury or stock-footage mainstay, original aerial photography is now within reach of almost any production, all thanks to the "rise" of drones (and Sky-net).
Camera movement is a powerful filmmaking tool employed to modify the relationship between the subject and the camera frame, with the goal of altering viewer's perspective of space and time for a more impactful and visceral visual storytelling.
A dolly shot is where the camera is affixed to a mechanism called a dolly, which is a specialized push-cart built to handle heavy cinema cameras. A dolly will often have areas to attach seats for the camera operator and assistant camera operators to pull focus and control the camera.
Depending on the gear you use, the feeling of a shot can dramatically change. This is why you'll need to give the mechanism some thought when shot listing. Just remember, camera mechanisms don't just affect the look and feel of a shot, but also your budget, and prep time on set.
Gimbals are another camera stabilizing device that use motorized gyroscopes to reduce friction. It is more compact than a Steadicam and completely handheld. This allows it to fit through tight spaces.
In this shot, the camera moves on a cable or wire for deliberate, smooth moves. Like drones, wires get much closer to the action than helicopters. These are often used in live concerts and sporting events.
Up next, we'll walk you through the process of shot listing like a pro. Everything from selecting camera specs, to properly estimating prep and setup times. We provide a free shot list template to get you started.
Birds Eye Shots involve showing a large scale from a much higher angle, as if looking down upon a scene. This type of shot is so high that land, roads, buildings and so on begin to create abstract lines and shapes. Birds eye shots are great for establishing shots, introductions and transitions.
Medium Shots provide an informative edge, and typically features subjects from the waist up. These shots are great for documentaries, interviews, group scenes and dialogues. Moving in a little closer, you can also utilize a Medium Close Up shot to inject some emotion to the scene.
Crane Shots capture vertical motion by moving the camera up or down by a couple of feet. In modern day filmmaking, they can be achieved with drones or a Jib (as seen above) rather than expensive cranes. A nice add-on shot to your work, crane shots add a little production value to your work if you have a drone or Jib ready to go!
The crucial tool for tracking shots is a dolly (a wheeled cart that moves along a track), or you can use a Steadicam, other motion control gear, or even a drone with tracking flight mode. With a dolly track, you can make smooth, natural-looking movements whilst following your subject, adding dynamics to a static camera shot.
Over The Shoulder shots are exactly as they sound! They show an out-of-focus shoulder and head in the foreground whilst whatever object or person in the background is in focus. Perfect for narrative filmmaking, this shot adds depth and helps conversational scenes look more authentic and immersive.
Point-of-view (POV) shots, also known as first-person shots can be extremely effective if used correctly. Your camera can be steady or moving along the axis, as long as it shows where viewers should look. POV shots take the audience into the movie, and can be created by fitting your subject with a camera mount (think of GoPro footage!) 152ee80cbc
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