Arirang produced by Na Woon-gyu
I believe there are two forms of silence: chosen silence and being silenced. Both of these types of silence are common themes that play a critical role in Korean cinema and its history.
I was never interested in silent films, and it definitely would not be my first choice if I was given the option between a silent film or an action-packed Marvel movie. This was because I always thought that these types of movies would struggle to convey any deep meanings or portray good stories due to the lack of dialogue and sound. However, Korean silent films, particularly during the Golden Era of Silent Films (1926 to 1930), prove my belief and many other people's beliefs wrong. Even without sound or special effects, silent movies like Arirang, directed by Na Woon-gyu, are able to convey meaningful messages, express emotions, and symbolize important themes like resistance.
During this era, many Korean film studios were controlled by the Japanese, and many producers used the silent films as a form of expression against this oppression. The film, Arirang, although famously known for being the "best" Korean silent film, is way more than just a silent film. "Arirang" is a word that almost every Korean Is familiar with because it represents Korea's resilience and identity. Not to mention, there is also a well known song called "Arirang" that many Koreans recognize as Korea's unofficial anthem. Na Woon-gyu was very strategic with the film because he did not view the strict censorship under the Japanese control as a limitation. Instead, he used silence to add in subtle messages that resisted Japanese colonial rule and empowered Koreans by rekindling a sense of national pride and heritage. The production of the film also marked a turning point in the history of Korean cinema because it showed that films could be more than just a form of entertainment. Na Woon-gyu's innovative work inspired and paved the way for many other filmmakers to explore deeper societal themes like resistance and identity, which overall shows that silence in cinema can speak volumes.
Silenced Characters
Beyond silent films, Korean cinema also frequently uses silence within the characters to emphasize bigger themes like societal roles and struggles. For instance, female characters are often depicted as quiet or "silenced", which reflect Korea’s traditional gender roles and patriarchal history. In The Handmaiden, Hideko’s silence symbolizes as a tool of being under control because she only speaks when told to-- often to read stories to the Japanese aristocrat men. However, from the viewers' perspective, we get to see the different points of views that show how she actually carries many inner thoughts and intellectual schemes that reveal how powerful she would be if she was not suppressed by these traditional and oppressive limitations. Similarly, in The Way Home, produced by Lee Jeong-hyang, the grandmother in the film does not speak but communicates her love and wisdom through her actions rather than her words. Her silence and other forms of expressing herself highlights the themes of sacrifice, cultural disconnection, and how actions speak louder than words.
These examples show that silence in Korean cinema is often layered with deeper meanings and intentional for a reason. They not only reflect the historical and cultural realities like colonial oppression or the tradition of silencing women, but also illustrates how actions and gestures can convey what solely words cannot. Korea has endured a very long history of being silenced— whether it was under Japanese colonization or through Western influences (ex: US soldiers and comfort women). However, through cinema, these struggles are able to be shared by capturing the resilience and power of those who find ways to express themselves despite being silenced.
Before exploring Korean cinema, I thought silence was straightforward and simple. Now, I realize that this phenomena holds complexity and significance, which is why silent films or silent characters exist in the first place. Whether chosen or forced, silence can be a powerful tool of resistance, a reflection of cultural identity, and a way to highlight societal struggles. By watching and listening to examples of silence in Korean cinema, many stories and messages suppressed throughout Korea's history are given a voice and chance to be heard- even if it is not always audible.
Hideko from The Handmaiden
The Way Home produced by Lee Jeong-hyang
References:
Plymouth Arts Cinema. (n.d.). The Handmaiden: Obedience, rebellion, sound, silence, sensuality, and perversion. Plymouth Arts Cinema. Retrieved November 19, 2024, from https://plymouthartscinema.org/film-review-handmaiden-obedience-rebellion-sound-silence-sensuality-perversion/
Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Cinema of Korea. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_Korea
Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). The Way Home (2002 film). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Way_Home_(2002_film)