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The smallest unit of matter is an atom, and atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

The periodic table of elements arranges all known elements based on their atomic structure and properties.

Water is a compound made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, with the chemical formula H2O.

Carbon is a unique element in that it can bond with itself and other elements to create an almost infinite number of organic compounds.

The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, with values ranging from 0 to 14.

Chemical reactions involve the breaking and forming of chemical bonds, resulting in new substances being formed.

Noble gases, such as helium and neon, are unreactive due to their full outer electron shells.

Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in plants that is responsible for absorbing light during photosynthesis.

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made up of only hydrogen and carbon atoms, and are the main components of fossil fuels like oil and gas.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is primarily responsible for trapping heat in Earth's atmosphere and contributing to global warming.

The speed of light is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second in a vacuum.

Hydrogen peroxide, a common household disinfectant, is made up of two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms, with the chemical formula H2O2.

The chemical symbol for gold is Au, derived from the Latin word for gold, "aurum."

The ozone layer, located in the Earth's stratosphere, protects us from harmful UV radiation from the sun.

Inorganic chemistry is the study of non-living matter, while organic chemistry is the study of carbon-based compounds and their properties.

The Earth's crust is mostly made up of eight elements: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium.

Nitrogen makes up approximately 78% of the Earth's atmosphere, while oxygen makes up approximately 21%.

The strongest chemical bond is the covalent bond, where two atoms share electrons to form a molecule.

The smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element is an atom.

Carbon dating is a technique used to determine the age of ancient organic materials based on the decay of carbon-14.

The chemical reaction that produces energy in living cells is called cellular respiration.

The smell of rain is caused by a compound called petrichor, which is released when raindrops hit the ground.

The phenomenon of surface tension is the result of the cohesive forces between molecules at the surface of a liquid.

Sodium chloride, or table salt, is a compound made up of one sodium atom and one chlorine atom, with the chemical formula NaCl.

Acids are substances that donate hydrogen ions in solution, while bases are substances that accept hydrogen ions.

The four most abundant elements in the human body are oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

The shape of a molecule is determined by the arrangement of its atoms and the types of bonds between them.

The process of electrolysis involves using an electric current to break down a compound into its constituent elements.

The chemical symbol for silver is Ag, derived from the Latin word for silver, "argentum."

The branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the properties and behavior of matter at very low temperatures is called cryogenics.