We monitor student learning all the time so that we know where they have come from (mathematically), where they are now and where need to next.
We assess student learning in a range of ways so that we can plan effectively for future learning, give appropriate feedback and report on learning.
question
get them to articulate their thinking using speech, drawing or symbols
consider their responses.
The NSW syllabus information on assessment is excellent and well worth reading and developing your understanding in relation to assessment.
https://syllabus.nesa.nsw.edu.au/support-materials/assessment/, which includes
Assessment approaches include assessment of, for and as learning
Assessment for Learning - Assessment for learning involves teachers using evidence about students' knowledge, understanding and skills to inform their teaching. Sometimes referred to as ‘formative assessment', it usually occurs throughout the teaching and learning process to clarify student learning and understanding.
Assessment as Learning - Assessment as learning occurs when students are their own assessors. Students monitor their own learning, ask questions and use a range of strategies to decide what they know and can do, and how to use assessment information for new learning.
Assessment of Learning - Assessment of learning assists teachers in using evidence of student learning to assess achievement against outcomes and standards. Sometimes referred to as ‘summative assessment', it usually occurs at defined key points during a teaching work or at the end of a unit, term or semester, and may be used to rank or grade students. The effectiveness of assessment of learning for grading or ranking purposes depends on the validity, reliability and weighting placed on any one task. Its effectiveness as an opportunity for learning depends on the nature and quality of the feedback.
K-6 Assessment Strategies - https://educationstandards.nsw.edu.au/wps/portal/nesa/k-10/understanding-the-curriculum/assessment/k-6-assessment-strategies
7-10 Assessment Strategies - https://educationstandards.nsw.edu.au/wps/portal/nesa/k-10/understanding-the-curriculum/assessment/7-10-assessment-strategies
Real assessment methods - https://syllabus.nesa.nsw.edu.au/support-materials/principles-of-effective-assessment/
Ensure that you understand the three ways of assessing - https://syllabus.nesa.nsw.edu.au/support-materials/assessment-for-as-and-of-learning/
Complete the assessment approaches worksheet using the above websites
Standardised testing
http://edglossary.org/standardized-test/
Standards referenced assessment
Standards-referenced assessment refers to the process of collecting and interpreting information about students' learning. It uses syllabus outcomes as key reference points for decisions about students' progress and achievement.
https://syllabus.nesa.nsw.edu.au/support-materials/standards-referenced-assessment/
Click on the standard referenced link above read through. On the diagram on your worksheet write notes of how you will do each of these things. Be prepared to share answers with the class.