High-Fidelity Vehicle Aerodynamics: We investigated turbulent flow around the realistic DrivAer fastback vehicle using high-resolution large-eddy simulation (LES), including rotating wheels and a moving ground. The study identified the major regions of flow separation and their associated vortical structures around the vehicle, and quantified their contributions to aerodynamic drag. We further analyzed the relationship between unsteady flow structures, turbulent kinetic energy, and surface pressure fluctuations, providing detailed insight into the physical mechanisms governing vehicle aerodynamics.

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