Circuit-EM Co-Design Lab

Welcome to Circuit-EM Co-Design (CEMCD) Lab at NIT Rourkela

The foundation of Electrical Engineering is based on Kirchhoff's circuit laws and Maxwell's equations. The Kirchhoff's circuit laws are elementary tools for Analysis and Synthesis of Low frequency or Electrically Small Circuits or Networks. The circuit theory problems mainly deal with lumped circuit elements, and voltage (V) and current (I) are excitation and response variables. While Maxwell's equations are used for electromagnetic (EM) field analysis of Antennas, Scatterers, and Electrically Large or High-frequency Circuits. The behaviours of Electric (E) and Magnetic (H) Fields under different boundary conditions are studied using EM analysis. The analysis of transmission line (TL) and related circuits (i.e., distributed) are accurately carried out using EM analysis; however, approximate-analysis of TL can be done using circuit analysis. Please note that EM analyses are computationally expensive, while circuit analyses are computationally inexpensive. The source free characterizations of distributed circuits or lumped circuits are represented by network parameters (i.e., S-parameters, Y-parameters, Z-parameters, etc.). The network parameters hold the interlink between EM analysis and circuit analysis. Therefore, we can partially solve a circuit problem using EM analysis and circuit analysis, and combining the results (network parameters) using circuit simulation. This technique is generally called Co-simulation. Similarly, synthesis or design of Electrical and Electronic circuits by combine usage of Kirchhoff's circuit laws (Circuit analysis) and Maxwell's equations (EM analysis) will be referred to as Circuit-EM Co-Design.

Current Research Focus of our Group:

• Multi-port Network:  Analysis and Synthesis

• Matching Network Design for:  Antenna, Amplifier, Wireless power transmission, Energy harvesting, RFID etc.

• Coupling and Decoupling Network : Analysis and Synthesis or Design

• Phased Array : Beam forming matrix design,  Pattern synthesis (with out coupling), Pattern synthesis in presence of coupling,  Antenna active Impedance,   

• Computational Electromagnetic: Method of Moment (MOM) or Boundary Element Method (BEM), Electric Field Integral Equation (EFIE), Magnetic Field Integral Equation (MFIE), Combine Field Integral Equation (CFIE)

• Theory of Characteristic Mode: Theoretical development and application in antenna design  

•  Electromagnetic Imaging: Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT),  Microwave Imaging, Electromagnetic Passive Sensing. 

Latest news:

Mr. Ankit Mishra, B. Tech EE (2020-24), under the supervision of Prof Rakesh Sinha, has been awarded a 2023 AP-S Undergraduate Summer Research Scholarship. He will receive a scholarship of $3,000.  

Mr Sankhadeep Das, B. Tech EE (2021-25), under the supervision of Prof Rakesh Sinha, has been selected to receive an MTT-S Undergraduate/Pre-graduate Scholarship in April 2023 Competition (2023 Cycle 2 Awards). He will receive a scholarship of $1,500 and a travel grant up to a maximum of $1,000.

The following manuscript has been accepted for publication.

 R. Sinha and A. Mishra “Comment on “Transverse vibration analysis of single-layered graphene sheet under magneto-thermal environment based on non-local plate theory [J. Appl. Phys. 116(16), 164303 (2014)]” and “Nonlocal elasticity based magnetic field affected vibration response of double single-walled carbon nanotube systems [J. Appl. Phys. 111(11), 113511 (2012)]”” J. Appl. Phys. 134, 000000 (2023);https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0159263 

A Dual-Band Dual-State coupler is developed and available at Zenodo https://zenodo.org/record/8278306. 

Sinha, Rakesh (2023). Design Equations of Dual-Band Dual-State π-Type Couplers and Their Computer-Aided Solutions. TechRxiv. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.23551485.v1 

Rakesh Sinha, January 2, 2023, "Single-Band or Dual-Band Pi-Type Rat-Race and Branch-Line Coupler Designer",  IEEE Dataport,  doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.21227/y9r5-hn71.  

A branch-line coupler designer is developed. The tool is available  at Zenodo:
Rakesh Sinha. (2023). Branch Line Coupler Designer (1.2). Zenodo. Branch Line Coupler Designer | Zenodo 

A microwave filter design tool, developed by Ayushman Raghuvanshi is available at IEEE Data-Port:

Raghuvanshi, Ayushman; Sinha, Rakesh (2022). Microwave Filter Design Kit: A CAD Tool for Graduate Students. TechRxiv. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.21642059.v2

  A. Raghuvanshi, R. Sinha, September 26, 2022, "Microwave Filter Design Kit",  IEEE Dataport, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.21227/w4xh-aa53 url: https://zenodo.org/record/8195106       

A design tool for multi-section desired phase impedance matching networks is developed as a part of the following research work. Available  at Software.  

R. Sinha, “Computer-Aided Design of Multi-section Matching Networks with Desired Phase-Shift,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, vol. 69, no. 12, pp. 5074-5078, Dec. 2022.  (https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2022.3201114)

R. Sinha,  August 22, 2022,  "Phase Shifting Matching Network Designer",  IEEE Dataport,  doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.21227/128z-6625.