Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW)

Three important steps of the FSSW process: (a) plunging, (b) dwelling, (c) drawing-out

In the plunging step, a FSSW tool is rotated at the given speed and then plunged into the metal sheets until the given depth. In the dwelling step, the rotating tool contacts the nearby materials for a while to generate sufficient frictional heat. The nearby materials are then softened and stirred plastically. In the drawing-out step, the tool is drawn out of the sheets and a solid state bond is made.