Methods

The data is based on the news articles published in Cumhuriyet, which is the oldest independent newspaper still in circulation in Turkey.

For an article to be included in this dataset, it either reports an immediate protest event or an action taken as a result of a protest. Opinion pieces, editorials, or columns are not considered. If the news article is about a past event that has no immediate impact (for example, an article that gives a historical narrative about May 1^st demonstrations) then that article is not included. If the article is about an international protest or an international organization commenting on Turkish politics that article is also disregarded.

Following type of events are included as part of this collective action data set:

• Non-constraint related action such as petitioning or press conferences
• Protests such as marches, rallies, demonstrations
• Civil disobedience such as sit-ins and occupations
• Violent collective action such as riots
• Strikes, boycotts, and collective bargaining
• Assertive political action such as lawsuits and proto - political conventions undertaken by social movement organizations