In finance, a call option, often simply labeled a "call", is a contract between the buyer and the seller of the call option to exchange a security at a set price.[1] The buyer of the call option has the right, but not the obligation, to buy an agreed quantity of a particular commodity or financial instrument (the underlying) from the seller of the option at or before a certain time (the expiration date) for a certain price (the strike price). This effectively gives the owner a long position in the given asset.[2] The seller (or "writer") is obliged to sell the commodity or financial instrument to the buyer if the buyer so decides. This effectively gives the seller a short position in the given asset. The buyer pays a fee (called a premium) for this right. The term "call" comes from the fact that the owner has the right to "call the stock away" from the seller.
There are several factors to consider when it comes to selling call options. Be sure you fully understand an option contract's value and profitability when evaluating a trade, or else you risk the stock rallying too high.
Call Option
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Call options are a type of derivative contract that gives the holder the right but not the obligation to purchase a specified number of shares at a predetermined price, known as the "strike price" of the option. If the stock's market price rises above the option's strike price, the option holder can exercise their option, buying at the strike price and selling at the higher market price to lock in a profit. Options only last for a limited period, however. If the market price does not rise above the strike price during that period, the options expire worthless.
Buying calls is bullish because the buyer only profits if the price of the shares rises. Conversely, selling call options is bearish because the seller profits if the shares do not rise. Whereas the profits of a call buyer are theoretically unlimited, the profits of a call seller are limited to the premium they receive when they sell the calls.
A call option is a contract between a buyer and a seller to purchase a certain stock at a certain price up until a defined expiration date. The buyer of a call has the right, not the obligation, to exercise the call and purchase the stocks. On the other hand, the seller of the call has the obligation and not the right to deliver the stock if assigned by the buyer.
A "long call" is a purchased call option with an open right to buy shares. The buyer with the "long call position" paid for the right to buy shares in the underlying stock at the strike price and costs a fraction of the underlying stock price and has upside potential value (if the stock price of the underlying stock increases).
A long call can be used for speculation. For example, take companies that have product launches occurring around the same time every year. You could speculate by purchasing a call if you think the stock price will appreciate after the launch.
A long call can also help you plan ahead. For example, you may have an upcoming bonus that you would like to invest in a stock today, but what if it didn't pay out until the following month? To plan ahead and lock in the price of the stock today, you could purchase a long call with the intent to exercise your right to purchase the shares once you receive your bonus.
A "short call" is the open obligation to sell shares. The seller of a call with the "short call position" received payment for the call but is obligated to sell shares of the underlying stock at the strike price of the call until the expiration date. A short call is used to create income: The investor earns the premium but has upside risk (if the underlying stock price rises above the strike price).
Both new and seasoned investors will use short calls to boost their income but, more often than not, do so when the call is "covered." So in case you are assigned, you are simply selling stock that you already own.
An "uncovered" call carries significantly more risk and a potential for unlimited losses because you are obligated to find shares to sell to the call purchaser. Imagine if you had to buy shares which were 20% more expensive than the price you are selling them for. Yikes!
A long call investor hopes the price of the underlying stock rises above the exercise price because only at that point does it make sense to exercise a call. Why would you exercise your right to buy ABC shares for $110 each when anybody can buy them on the market for less than that?
"Exercising a long call" means the call option owner is demanding to buy the stock from the call seller. Upon exercise of a call, shares are deposited into your account and cash to pay for the shares and commission is withdrawn (just like a normal stock purchase).
It's important to note that exercising is not the only way to turn an options trade profitable. For options that are "in-the-money," most investors will sell their option contracts in the market to someone else prior to expiration to collect their profits.
A short call investor hopes the price of the underlying stock does not rise above the strike price. If it does, the long call investor might exercise the call and create an "assignment." An assignment can occur on any business day before the expiration date. If it does, the short call investor must sell shares at the exercise price.
We would like to have an Opted Out of Calls property for both Contact and Company objects and would like this linked to the Call option on the record. If the record is opted out of calls, when you click to call on HubSpot, it should appear with a message to warn they have been opted out before someone makes the call.
After this update, basic users would not be able to contact any record with DNC selected. There are certainly limitations to this route (emails can't be sent either, notifications would now be sent to the new user vs. the rightful owner, etc.) but if avoiding calls is the priority, this could be an option.
Alternatively, replace the phone number with "wrong number" or "opted out of calls" and as you go through your task list you can mass complete/delete. Also, setting call tasks in campaigns to not stop the campaign if the call is not completed helps keep touchpoints happening.
Employer has a phantom stock program for employees subject to 409A. Payout is upon a 409A change in control. However, upon a separation from service prior to a change in control, employer has a 90-day option to repurchase the employee's vested phantom stock units at the then fair market value and pay the repurchase price to the former employee in cash immediately. If employer does not exercise this option, former employee holds his vested phantom stock units until there is a 409A change in control (if there ever is one). Doesn't the 90-day option to repurchase violate 409A, and doesn't it violate 409A even if never exercised?
One way to look at the arranangement is that the compensation is subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture. That means it is not deferred compensation. The employer can accelerate the vesting at will (the employer has chosen to state a limitation on that ability) and pay at vesting. That puts a lot of pressure on the change of control as a substantial risk of forfeiture. I would not accept an unlimited time frame for the vesting event.
QDRO. Interesting thought. In fact the plan already exists and I am looking at it after-the-fact. With the exception of the employer's call option at separation from service, the payout is if, and only if, there is a CIC (or a dissolution of the employer), and it is an unlimited time frame with no right reserved by the employer to effect a plan termination. (Bad drafting in my opinion.) Are you saying that you think the unlimited time frame hurts the "substantial risk of forfeiture" i.e., short-term deferral argument?
I think one can say that there is a substantial risk that there will be no change in control in the next three years (depending on the circumstances, fo course). I think it is tougher to say that there will not be a change of control or dissolution in 20 years. A family-owned business might have that stability. An early stage tech company will not.
Hadn't really thought about this but would a typical dissolution qualify as a 409A distribution event? Seems it wouldn't necessarily come within the change of control definition. Would that basically equal termination of the Plan?
Over the past few years, many merchant gas-fired power generation plants operating in the regional transmission organization, PJM Interconnection and in the New York Independent Service Operator (NYISO) areas have been successfully project financed by international and Japanese financial institutions. At the same time, the market has also seen the recent bankruptcy filing of a merchant gas-fired power plant in the ERCOT market in Texas. Common to each of these project-financed power generation plants was the employment of financial hedging instruments designed to ensure a stable revenue stream to help cover debt service obligations over the first several years of plant operations. In this article, we review the history of the use of financial hedges by merchant power projects, and examine the main types of financial hedges currently being used in the United States power market and whether or not they can support the bankability of merchant power projects operating in markets such as the PJM Interconnection.
Beginning in 1978 with the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) and continuing with the Energy Policy Acts of 1992 and 2005, federal legislation and orders by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in the United States radically changed the electric power generation sector. What had essentially been a regulated monopoly for vertically integrated utilities within specific regions was replaced with a competitive market in generation, open access to transmission, the creation of independent system operators and regional transmission organizations, and wholesale markets for electric power. 152ee80cbc
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