I assume you know what a byte is. A byte array is simply an area of memory containing a group of contiguous (side by side) bytes, such that it makes sense to talk about them in order: the first byte, the second byte etc..

Just as bytes can encode different types and ranges of data (numbers from 0 to 255, numbers from -128 to 127, single characters using ASCII e.g. 'a' or '%', CPU op-codes), each byte in a byte array may be any of these things, or contribute to some multi-byte values such as numbers with larger range (e.g. 16-bit unsigned int from 0..65535), international character sets, textual strings ("hello"), or part/all of a compiled computer programs.


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The crucial thing about a byte array is that it gives indexed (fast), precise, raw access to each 8-bit value being stored in that part of memory, and you can operate on those bytes to control every single bit. The bad thing is the computer just treats every entry as an independent 8-bit number - which may be what your program is dealing with, or you may prefer some powerful data-type such as a string that keeps track of its own length and grows as necessary, or a floating point number that lets you store say 3.14 without thinking about the bit-wise representation. As a data type, it is inefficient to insert or remove data near the start of a long array, as all the subsequent elements need to be shuffled to make or fill the gap created/required.

In computer science, an array data structure or simply array is a data structure consisting of a collection of elements (values or variables), each identified by one or more integer indices, stored so that the address of each element can be computed from its index tuple by a simple mathematical formula.

I already tried something similar to this topic with a cluster array, see image below. It would have been to easy if it works that way... unfortunately the conversion doesn't work and I got en Error 74 in the "Unflatten From String" VI.

I would go back to using the Unflatten From String and use the fixed part of the cluster as the data type. You can specify the endianness to be Little Endian. Also, there is an output for "Remaining String". You can just use String To Byte Array on that remaining string to get your byte array.

I'd like to know how I can convert an integer into a 2 byte long byte array and vice versa. I found a lot of solutions googling but most of them don't explain what happens in the code. There's a lot of shifting stuff I don't really understand so I would appreciate a basic explanation.

When packing signed bytes into an int, each byte needs to be masked off because it is sign-extended to 32 bits (rather than zero-extended) due to the arithmetic promotion rule (described in JLS, Conversions and Promotions).

There's an interesting puzzle related to this described in Java Puzzlers ("A Big Delight in Every Byte") by Joshua Bloch and Neal Gafter . When comparing a byte value to an int value, the byte is sign-extended to an int and then this value is compared to the other int

Ok, I am reading in dat files into a byte array. For some reason, the people who generate these files put about a half meg's worth of useless null bytes at the end of the file. Anybody know a quick way to trim these off the end?

Given the extra questions now answered, it sounds like you're fundamentally doing the right thing. In particular, you have to touch every byte of the file from the last 0 onwards, to check that it only has 0s.

You could just count the number of zero at the end of the array and use that instead of .Length when iterating the array later on. You could encapsulate this however you like. Main point is you don't really need to copy it into a new structure. If they are big, it may be worth it.

if in the file null bytes can be valid values, do you know that the last byte in the file cannot be null. if so, iterating backwards and looking for the first non-null entry is probably best, if not then there is no way to tell where the actual end of the file is.

If you know more about the data format, such as there can be no sequence of null bytes longer than two bytes (or some similar constraint). Then you may be able to actually do a binary search for the 'transition point'. This should be much faster than the linear search (assuming that you can read in the whole file).

This method encodes the string literal into byte using the named charset and returns the byte array, but this method may throw an UnsupportedEncodingException if the named charset is not supported. So in order to handle the exception we use try-catch block.

So I am saving the PDF document to a memory stream, rather than a physical file location. I can then use the ToArray() function on the memory stream to give me my byte array. I personally then save this to my database as a VARBINARY.

Hello All,

I'm reading a file through the FileUpload component and writing it to a variable.

But it is saving with the format array('b', [-31, 58, 11.....]). When I forward the image to the API it returns an error, as it is expecting a binary.

That means you are converting to a string somewhere. That is the problem. You cannot use curly brace parameters in your SQL with these, as curly braces perform string substitution. You must use question mark parameters in a scripted "Prep" query, or value parameters (the colon prefixed named parameters) in a Named Query. That's the only way to push a byte array (or any other values) to SQL without corrupting it in translation.

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- Create a large destination array. This can be in optimized DB or non-optimized DB, it won't matter with the serialize command. (Temp area is useful here also, since you don't actually use this array for anything except the collection point.)


- Use serialize command to move the content of your smaller arrays to your destination array.

-- Initialize your POS variable to zero in advance, and use that same variable with each Serialize command. The POS variable initially tells the Serialize command the starting byte, and the Serialize command will update the POS variable to indicate the next available byte.

--- For example, with bytearray starting from zero, after Serialize command for a DINT variable (or byte array with 4 bytes), the POS value would be 4, to indicate tell the next Serialize command that it can start from byte 4 of the destination bytearray.

Hmm, actually I'm not sure if the Serialize accepts another byte array as an input. I see no reason why it would not accept it, but just in case it does not accept it, you can move bytes from a byte array to another byte array with the MOVE_BLK_VARIANT like you already discovered.


Hi. I'm new to Raylib (using Raylib_CsLo actually) but not new to programming. I have a byte array of grayscale values that make an NxN bitmap, and I just can't figure out how to get these onscreen. (If these were a file I'd use LoadImage() but they're in memory.)

It is an array of bytes, often referred to in other languages as a "byte array". You cannot directly manipulate the contents of an ArrayBuffer; instead, you create one of the typed array objects or a DataView object which represents the buffer in a specific format, and use that to read and write the contents of the buffer.

ArrayBuffer objects can be made resizable by including the maxByteLength option when calling the ArrayBuffer() constructor. You can query whether an ArrayBuffer is resizable and what its maximum size is by accessing its resizable and maxByteLength properties, respectively. You can assign a new size to a resizable ArrayBuffer with a resize() call. New bytes are initialized to 0.

ArrayBuffer objects can be transferred between different execution contexts, like Web Workers or Service Workers, using the structured clone algorithm. This is done by passing the ArrayBuffer as a transferable object in a call to Worker.postMessage() or ServiceWorker.postMessage(). In pure JavaScript, you can also transfer the ownership of memory from one ArrayBuffer to another using its transfer() or transferToFixedLength() method.

Returns a new ArrayBuffer whose contents are a copy of this ArrayBuffer's bytes from begin (inclusive) up to end (exclusive). If either begin or end is negative, it refers to an index from the end of the array, as opposed to from the beginning.

It is an array of bytes, often referred to in other languages as a \"byte array\". You cannot directly manipulate the contents of an ArrayBuffer; instead, you create one of the typed array objects or a DataView object which represents the buffer in a specific format, and use that to read and write the contents of the buffer. 17dc91bb1f

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