Ciprofloxacin may not be appropriate for some of the infections listed above, depending on which germs are causing the infection. Bacteria in some locations may have developed resistance to ciprofloxacin, which will make it less effective.
Oral Tablets. Most ciprofloxacin oral tablets should be stored at room temperature, which is generally between 68 F to 77 F (20 C to 25 C). It can be exposed to temperatures between 59 F to 86 F (15 C to 30 C), for shorter periods of time, such as when transporting it. Medicine should generally be stored in a cool, dry place, in a tightly closed container.
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Oral Liquid. Cipro oral liquid should be stored at room temperature, which is generally between 68 F to 77 F (20 C to 25 C) for 14 days. It can be exposed to temperatures between 59 F to 86 F (15 C to 30 C), for shorter periods of time, such as when transporting it. You should not freeze it. Safely throw away any unused portion after the full treatment is finished.
There may be other side effects of ciprofloxacin that are not listed here. Contact your healthcare provider if you think you are having a side effect of a medicine. In the U.S., you can report side effects to the FDA at www.fda.gov/medwatch or by calling 800-FDA-1088. In Canada, you can report side effects to Health Canada at www.health.gc.ca/medeffect or by calling 866-234-2345.
Tendon Problems. Tendons are the connectors between your bones and muscles. Problems with tendons can happen in people who are taking ciprofloxacin or who have taken it in the past several months. This can possibly lead to tendon swelling, also called tendonitis, or tearing of the tendon. It is most common with then tendon on the back of your ankle, called the Achilles tendon, but can also happen with other tendons.
Nerve Problems. Nerves are the fibers that carry sensations from your body to the brain. Damage to these nerves, called peripheral neuropathy, can happen in people who are taking ciprofloxacin. Stop taking ciprofloxacin and call your healthcare provider if you develop pain, burning, tingling, numbness, or weakness in your arms, hands, legs, or feet.
Seizures. Some people who have taken ciprofloxacin have reporting having seizures. There are many different types of seizures and some of them are not easy to recognize. Stop taking ciprofloxacin and call your healthcare provider if you experience any of the following signs that a seizure is happening or could happen.
Severe Allergic Reactions. Ciprofloxacin can cause allergic reactions, which can be serious. Stop using ciprofloxacin and get help right away if you have any of the following symptoms of a serious allergic reaction.
Liver Damage. Liver damage, also called hepatotoxicity, can happen when taking ciprofloxacin. Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms of liver damage.
Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection. Tell your healthcare provider if you have ever had swelling or a tear in the large artery that carries blood from the heart, called the aorta. Get emergency help right away if you have sudden symptoms related to this condition, such as chest pain, stomach pain, or back pain.
Heart Rhythm Changes. Ciprofloxacin may cause a rare dangerous heart rhythm problems called QT prolongation and torsade de pointes. Some people have a higher risk of this, including people who are older, have other people in their family who have had these conditions, have low potassium or magnesium, or who take some medicines for other heart rhythm problems. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you faint or have changes in your heart rate or rhythm, such as fast or skipping heartbeat.
Sensitivity to Sunlight. Your skin may be very sensitive to light from the sun and devices that give off similar light, such as sunlamps and tanning beds, while you are taking certain drugs, including ciprofloxacin. This is called photosensitivity. Use sunscreen and wear a hat and clothes that cover your skin if you need to be in the sunlight. Exposing your skin to this kind of light, even for a short time, can cause your skin to be severely sunburned, blistered, or swollen. Tell your healthcare provider right away if any of these happen.
Drug Interactions. Ciprofloxacin should not be taken while you are using certain other medicines. Before using ciprofloxacin, tell your healthcare provider about any prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, vitamins/minerals, herbal products, and other supplements you are using. See the Interactions section below for more details.
Myasthenia Gravis. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a condition that can cause muscle weakness. Ciprofloxacin can make this condition worse. It should not be used in people who have a history of this condition.
Ciprofloxacin can make your skin more sensitive to light from the sun, sunlamps, and tanning beds. This is called photosensitivity. Exposure to this light can cause severe sunburns, blisters, and swelling. If you need to be in sunlight, wear sunscreen, a hat, and clothing that covers your skin.
Tell your healthcare provider about all of your health conditions and any prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, vitamins/minerals, herbal products, and other supplements you are using. This will help them determine if ciprofloxacin is right for you.
Other Medicines and Supplements. Ciprofloxacin may interact with other medicines and supplements. Before using ciprofloxacin, tell your healthcare provider about any prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, vitamins/minerals, herbal products, and other supplements you are using. See the Interactions section below for more details.
Breastfeeding. Ciprofloxacin passes into breast milk. You should not breastfeed while using ciprofloxacin or for two days after you finish using it. You may pump and throw away your breast milk during this time. Tell your healthcare provider if you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed.
It is important to complete your prescribed course of ciprofloxacin, even if your symptoms get better or go away. This will reduce the risk that future infections are not resistant to ciprofloxacin or other similar medicines.
If you miss a dose of ciprofloxacin or Cipro tablets or liquid and it is still more than 6 hours until your next scheduled dose, take your missed dose right away. Then take your next dose at the regular time.
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.[5] This includes bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, certain types of infectious diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, typhoid fever, and urinary tract infections, among others.[5] For some infections it is used in addition to other antibiotics.[5] It can be taken by mouth, as eye drops, as ear drops, or intravenously.[5][6]
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.[5] Severe side effects include an increased risk of tendon rupture, hallucinations, and nerve damage.[5] In people with myasthenia gravis, there is worsening muscle weakness.[5] Rates of side effects appear to be higher than some groups of antibiotics such as cephalosporins but lower than others such as clindamycin.[7] Studies in other animals raise concerns regarding use in pregnancy.[8] No problems were identified, however, in the children of a small number of women who took the medication.[8] It appears to be safe during breastfeeding.[5] It is a second-generation fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of activity that usually results in the death of the bacteria.[5][9][10]
Ciprofloxacin was patented in 1980 and introduced by Bayer in 1987.[11][12] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[13][14] The World Health Organization classifies ciprofloxacin as critically important for human medicine.[15] It is available as a generic medication.[5][16] In 2021, it was the 141st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions.[17][18]
Ciprofloxacin is used to treat a wide variety of infections, including infections of bones and joints, endocarditis, bacterial gastroenteritis, malignant otitis externa, bubonic plague, respiratory tract infections, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, prostatitis, anthrax, and chancroid.[5]
Ciprofloxacin only treats bacterial infections; it does not treat viral infections such as the common cold. For certain uses including acute sinusitis, lower respiratory tract infections and uncomplicated gonorrhea, ciprofloxacin is not considered a first-line agent.
Ciprofloxacin occupies an important role in treatment guidelines issued by major medical societies for the treatment of serious infections, especially those likely to be caused by Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For example, ciprofloxacin in combination with metronidazole is one of several first-line antibiotic regimens recommended by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of community-acquired abdominal infections in adults.[19] It also features prominently in treatment guidelines for acute pyelonephritis, complicated or hospital-acquired urinary tract infection, acute or chronic prostatitis,[20] certain types of endocarditis,[21] certain skin infections,[22] and prosthetic joint infections.[23]
In other cases, treatment guidelines are more restrictive, recommending in most cases that older, narrower-spectrum drugs be used as first-line therapy for less severe infections to minimize fluoroquinolone-resistance development. For example, the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends the use of ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones in urinary tract infections be reserved to cases of proven or expected resistance to narrower-spectrum drugs such as nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.[24] The European Association of Urology recommends ciprofloxacin as an alternative regimen for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, but cautions that the potential for "adverse events have to be considered".[20] 152ee80cbc
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