An iterable object such as an Array, having ArrayBuffers, TypedArrays, DataViews, Blobs, strings, or a mix of any of such elements, that will be put inside the Blob. Strings should be well-formed Unicode, and lone surrogates are sanitized using the same algorithm as String.prototype.toWellFormed().

How to interpret newline characters (\n) within the contents, if the data is text. The default value, transparent, copies newline characters into the blob without changing them. To convert newlines to the host system's native convention, specify the value native.


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\n An iterable\n object such as an Array, having ArrayBuffers,\n TypedArrays, DataViews, Blobs, strings,\n or a mix of any of such elements, that will be put inside the Blob.\n Strings should be well-formed Unicode, and lone surrogates are sanitized using the same algorithm as String.prototype.toWellFormed().\n

\n How to interpret newline characters (\\n) within the contents, if\n the data is text. The default value, transparent, copies newline\n characters into the blob without changing them. To convert newlines to the host\n system's native convention, specify the value native.\n

The Blob interface represents a blob, which is a file-like object of immutable, raw data; they can be read as text or binary data, or converted into a ReadableStream so its methods can be used for processing the data.

Blobs can represent data that isn't necessarily in a JavaScript-native format. The File interface is based on Blob, inheriting blob functionality and expanding it to support files on the user's system.

To construct a Blob from other non-blob objects and data, use the Blob() constructor. To create a blob that contains a subset of another blob's data, use the slice() method. To obtain a Blob object for a file on the user's file system, see the File documentation.

The main piece of this code for example purposes is the typedArrayToURL() function, which creates a Blob from the given typed array and returns an object URL for it. Having converted the data into an object URL, it can be used in a number of ways, including as the value of the element's src attribute (assuming the data contains an image, of course).

Most URI schemes don't have standard provisions for containing a whole other URI, so you wouldn't think of them as prefixing another whole URI. Besides http: and https:, some common URI schemes include:

A blob: URL does not refer to data the exists on the server, it refers to data that your browser currently has in memory, for the current page. It will not be available on other pages, it will not be available in other browsers, and it will not be available from other computers.

Therefore it does not make sense, in general, to convert a Blob URL to a "normal" URL. If you wanted an ordinary URL, you would have to send the data from the browser to a server and have the server make it available like an ordinary file.

It is possible convert a blob: URL into a data: URL, at least in Chrome. You can use an AJAX request to "fetch" the data from the blob: URL (even though it's really just pulling it out of your browser's memory, not making an HTTP request).

MDN is a good resource for understanding things in plain language. I would also suggest -US/docs/Web/API/URL/createObjectURL as a good resource. They also show the W3C specification at the bottom of their page, the same one as Spiff provided, but the original specifications can be verbose and difficult to read. I would say Spiff is the most correct for linking you to the W3C docs.

I don't think that the link to npmjs that Masoud provided is very useful. It directs you to a Javascript library on the library host npmjs. The blob-util library is used to wrap around the standard API in the browser to work with blobs and it simplified writing code for these things, but it is not a good reference to understand the blob URLs and what they are.

Please see the FileAPI Spec for the full specification for Blobs, or Mozilla's Blob documentation for a description of how Blobs are used in the Web Platform in general. For the purposes of this document, the important aspects of blobs are:

Blobs are created in a renderer process, where their data is temporarily held for the browser (while Javascript execution can continue). When the browser has enough memory quota for the blob, it requests the data from the renderer. All blob data is transported from the renderer to the browser. Once complete, any pending reads for the blob are allowed to complete. Blobs can be huge (GBs), so quota is necessary.

If the in-memory space for blobs is getting full, or a new blob is too large to be in-memory, then the blob system uses the disk. This can either be paging old blobs to disk, or saving the new too-large blob straight to disk.

Blob reading goes through the mojom Blob interface, where the renderer or browser calls the ReadAll or ReadRange methods to read the blob through a data pipe. This is implemented in the browser process in the MojoBlobReader class.

Creating a lot of blobs, especially if they are very large blobs, can cause the renderer memory to grow too fast and result in an OOM on the renderer side. This is because the renderer temporarily stores the blob data while it waits for the browser to request it. Meanwhile, Javascript can continue executing. Transfering the data can take a lot of time if the blob is large enough to save it directly to a file, as this means we need to wait for disk operations before the renderer can get rid of the data.

If the blob object in Javascript is kept around, then the data will never be cleaned up in the backend. This will unnecessarily use memory, so make sure to dereference blob objects if they are no longer needed.

Similarily if a URL is created for a blob, this will keep the blob data around until the URL is revoked (and the blob object is dereferenced). However, the URL is automatically revoked when the browser context that created it is destroyed.

The primary API to interact with the blob system is through its mojo interface. This is how the renderer process interacts with the blob systems and creates and transports blobs, but also how other subsystems in the browser process interact with the blob system, for example to read blobs they received.

New blobs are created through the BlobRegistry mojo interface. In blink you can get a reference to this interface via blink::BlobDataHandle::GetBlobRegistry(). This interface has two methods to create a new blob. The Register method takes a blob description in the form of an array of DataElements, while the RegisterFromStream method creates a blob by reading data from a mojo DataPipe. Furthermore Register will call its callback as soon as possible after the request has been received, at which point the uuid is valid and known to the blob system. It will then asynchronously request the data and actually create the blob. On the other hand the RegisterFromStream method won't call its callback until all the data for the blob has been received and the blob has been entirely completed.

To read the data for a blob, the Blob mojom interface provides ReadAll, ReadRange and ReadSideData methods. These methods will wait until the blob has finished building before they start reading data, and if for whatever reason the blob failed to build or reading data failed, will report back an error through the (optional) BlobReaderClient.

Any DataElementByte elements in the blob description will have an associated BytesProvider, as implemented by the blink::BlobBytesProvider class. This class is owned by the mojo message pipe it is bound to, and is what the browser uses to request data for the blob when quota for it becomes available. Depending on the transport strategy chosen by the browser one of the Request* methods on this interface will be called (or if the blob goes out of scope before the data has been requested, the BytesProvider pipe is simply dropped, destroying the BlobBytesProvider instance and the data it owned.

BlobBytesProvider instances also try to keep the renderer alive while we are sending blobs, as if the renderer is closed then we would lose any pending blob data. It does this by calling blink::Platform::SuddenTerminationChanged.

In blink, in addition to going through the mojo Blob interface as exposed through blink::Blob::GetBlobDataHandle, you can also use FileReaderLoader as an abstraction around the mojo interface. This class for example can convert the resulting bytes to a String or ArrayBuffer, and generally just wraps the mojo DataPipe functionality in an easier to use interface.

Generally even in the browser process it should be preferred to go through the mojo Blob interface to interact with blobs. This results in a cleaner separation between the blob system and the rest of chrome. However in some cases it might still be needed to directly interact with the guts of the blob system, so for now it is at least possible to interact with the blob system more directly. 152ee80cbc

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