A nautical almanac is a publication describing the positions of a selection of celestial bodies for the purpose of enabling navigators to use celestial navigation to determine the position of their ship while at sea. The Almanac specifies for each whole hour of the year the position on the Earth's surface (in declination and Greenwich hour angle) at which the Sun, Moon, planets, and First Point of Aries[clarification needed] is directly overhead. The positions of 57 selected stars are specified relative to the First Point of Aries.

In Great Britain, The Nautical Almanac has been published annually by HM Nautical Almanac Office, ever since the first edition was published in 1767.[1][2]In the United States, a nautical almanac has been published annually by the US Naval Observatory since 1852.[2] It was originally titled American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac. Since 1958, the USNO and HMNAO have jointly published a unified nautical almanac, The Astronomical Almanac for use by the navies of both countries.[2] Almanac data is now available online from the US Naval Observatory.[3][4]


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Also commercial almanacs were produced that combined other information. A good example would be Brown's, which commenced in 1877, and is still produced annually, its early 20th-century subtitle being "Harbour and Dock Guide and Advertiser and Daily Tide Tables". This combination of trade advertising, and information "by permission... of the Hydrographic Department of the Admiralty" provided a useful compendium of information. More recent editions have kept up with the changes in technology: the 1924 edition, for instance, had extensive advertisements for coaling stations. Meanwhile, the Reeds Nautical Almanac, published by Adlard Coles Nautical, has been in print since 1932, and in 1944 was used by landing craft involved in the Normandy landings.[5]

To find the position of a ship or aircraft by celestial navigation, the navigator measures with a sextant the apparent height of a celestial body above the horizon, and notes the time from a marine chronometer. That height is compared with the height predicted for a trial position; the arcminutes of height difference is how many nautical miles the position line is from the trial position.

Brown, Son & Ferguson Ltd. is dedicated to quality and traditional standards. The company provides nautical books and stationery for the maritime industry and is based in Glasgow, Scotland. Their publications can be found in colleges, marinas, ports and aboard ships around the world.

Then you get the HP figure from the almanac and then using the same column you used in the step above, go to the bottom of this table and find the HP correction which is also added to get your Ho or total observed altitude.

This is a miscellaneous collection of letters, almost all written to Smyth by prominent scientists. The topics discussed are many, including astronomy, microscopes, nautical almanacs, and submarine excursions. The seventeen letters to Herschel form the largest group. Also to be found are such interesting single letters as that from Thomas Graves, reporting what HMS Beagle (Charles Darwin's voyage) was encountering in South American waters. e24fc04721

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