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Each unmarked corner is a carbon. Can you count all 6 carbons in Glucose?
Nitro Cellulose is a nitrated polymer of Glucose.
Nitro Cellulose is a nitrated polymer of Glucose.
Plants take in CO2, and use the energy from photons of light to break up those bonds and form higher energy C-C bonds. After more chemical reactions take place in the Calvin Cycle within the plant, the plant synthesizes Glucose. Plants link up thousands of Glucose molecules to make Cellulose. Cellulose makes up the fiber we eat, the bark on trees, and the material in paper. When a nitrate group is added to Cellulose, the resultant Cellulose Nitrate is volatile but useful for other purposes.
Plants take in CO2, and use the energy from photons of light to break up those bonds and form higher energy C-C bonds. After more chemical reactions take place in the Calvin Cycle within the plant, the plant synthesizes Glucose. Plants link up thousands of Glucose molecules to make Cellulose. Cellulose makes up the fiber we eat, the bark on trees, and the material in paper. When a nitrate group is added to Cellulose, the resultant Cellulose Nitrate is volatile but useful for other purposes.
When a nitrate group is added to many molecules, the resultant nitro compound is volatile and potentially dangerous
The average Cellulose molecule is 6000 units of Glucose.
Human digestive tracks are unable to break down these polymer bonds.
In chemistry, saccharide is another word for "sugar." Cellulose is a polysaccharide.
In chemistry, saccharide is another word for "sugar." Cellulose is a polysaccharide.
Here are some of the mono-saccharides (think mono = one!) Glucose is the primary monosaccharide our body metabolizes, but the chemical structures of other saccharides only differ in a few atoms and can be rapidly converted to Glucose in the body.
Fructose is a monosaccharide produced in fruit, and it gets metabolized a little differently than Glucose, usually in the liver.
Mono = 1; Di = 2; Tri = 3; Poly = 4+
Mono = 1; Di = 2; Tri = 3; Poly = 4+
Lactose is a disaccharide.
Lactose is a disaccharide.
People with Lactose intolerance don't have enough enzymes to break this down into the monosaccharide pieces of Galactose and Glucose. Instead, tiny microbes get to eat on Lactose, which in turn produce methane gas responsible for other digestional issues.
Sucrose is a disaccharide.
Sucrose is a disaccharide.
Sucrose is the molecule that makes up granulated table sugar. Sucrose is a natural 50/50 combo of Fructose and Glucose. Hi-Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) is 55% Fructose/45% Glucose. Both HFCS and Sucrose are added in a lot of foods we eat. The huge amount of Fructose we consume in the Standard American Diet (SAD) has been shown to be responsible for a number of our national dietary issues.
Cellulose is a polysaccharide
Cellulose is a polysaccharide
Cellulose is polymer of Glucose that plants produce to make their cell well more sturdy and rigid. On the macro scale, this ultimately becomes the hard shelled bark that protects a tree. Humans do not produce the enzyme needed to break down Cellulose into Glucose, so it passes through our digestive system as fiber.
Saccharides have a lot of polar chemical bonds that attract water. Because these carbon-compounds are often found in a hydrated environment, saccharidges are also known as "Carbohydrates".
Saccharides have a lot of polar chemical bonds that attract water. Because these carbon-compounds are often found in a hydrated environment, saccharidges are also known as "Carbohydrates".
Glucose is overwhelmed by his Water stans. What a chad.
Foods rich in carbohydrates. Yes, even the paper bag is a carb (Cellulose)
Cellulose is the structural carbohydrate that gives plants their strength.
Cellulose is the structural carbohydrate that gives plants their strength.
Long chains of Cellulose are supported by hydrogen bonds to produce strong microfibrils in plant cell walls. Cellulose is the material that gives bark its rigid and resilient characteristics.
The specific composition of fibrils, including cellulose and pectin, will vary between species of plants. Cellulose content of cotton fiber is 90%, that of wood is 40–50%, and that of dried hemp is approximately 57%. Cellulose is considered the most abundant organic polymer on Earth.
Plants make Glucose from CO2 and water in the Calvin Cycle (part of photosynthesis) using the enzyme RuBisCO
Plants use some of that Glucose for energy, while some gets diverted into other pathways, including the synthesis of Cellulose.
Cellulose Synthase (the Enzyme pictured below) sits in the plasma membrane and spins together cellulose fibers that will support the cell wall
Cellulose can be modified chemically by many different functional groups. Functional groups that include high amounts of Nitrogen and Oxygen are typically very energetic.
Cellulose can be modified chemically by many different functional groups. Functional groups that include high amounts of Nitrogen and Oxygen are typically very energetic.
Nitrous Oxide is a gas that helps provide more Oxygen during combustion, causing some explosive reactions. It is also used to recharge whipped cream dispensers and is abused as a drug (laughing gas). Don't do whippets.
NOS kits are sold aftermarket to be added to vehicles for extra performance
The entire NO family is pretty intense
When NO3 reacts with organic compounds, the final O is often dropped for a C-N bond
Tri-Nitrotoluene, shown above, has high flammability. When given a spark and O2, the results are explosive.
Trinitrotoluene is dynamite. Trinitrotoluene will win the fight
Nitrate (NO3) groups added to Cellulose give it unique properties. Cellulose Nitrate is also known as Celluloid.
Nitrate (NO3) groups added to Cellulose give it unique properties. Cellulose Nitrate is also known as Celluloid.
Cellulose is a polymer of glucose molecules
Each glucose molecule is nitrated by 3 NO3 groups
The extra oxygen released by the burning of this polymer accelerates combustion
In 1846, Christian Friedrich Schönbein spilled Sulfuric Acid and Nitric Acid and cleaned it with a cloth rag. The rag was extremely flammable, because he had made Nitro Cellulose. The production of Guncotton proliferated.
In 1846, Christian Friedrich Schönbein spilled Sulfuric Acid and Nitric Acid and cleaned it with a cloth rag. The rag was extremely flammable, because he had made Nitro Cellulose. The production of Guncotton proliferated.
Walls of Guncotton were incredibly dangerous for production workers
Guncotton grenades were powerful explosives used in World War I
Nitrocellulose was also considered the first man-made plastic. While modern applications are limited, many materials are made from Cellulose Nitrate.
Nitrocellulose was also considered the first man-made plastic. While modern applications are limited, many materials are made from Cellulose Nitrate.
Celluloid plastic was used in the production of the all of the items above. Billiards balls are no longer made of Cellulose Nitrate because they had a rare tendency to explode on contact with each other.
Celluloid plastic was used in the production of the all of the items above. Billiards balls are no longer made of Cellulose Nitrate because they had a rare tendency to explode on contact with each other.
Because of the light and flexible nature of the resultant plastic, Celluloid was used as one of the first movie film materials. The negatives of these films are degrading as time goes on.
Because of the light and flexible nature of the resultant plastic, Celluloid was used as one of the first movie film materials. The negatives of these films are degrading as time goes on.
While many movies were documented and recorded on Cellulose Nitrate film, huge amounts of Hollywood history have been lost to fires caused by the explosive film.
While many movies were documented and recorded on Cellulose Nitrate film, huge amounts of Hollywood history have been lost to fires caused by the explosive film.
The presence of these fiery films has become Hollywood lore. In the film "Inglourious Basterds", the protaganists light a theatre on fire to end their mission, a nod to this dangerous history.
The presence of these fiery films has become Hollywood lore. In the film "Inglourious Basterds", the protaganists light a theatre on fire to end their mission, a nod to this dangerous history.
1914 Fires at 5 different studios across the US destroyed many silent films and the early sound era titles.
Many cinemas had fatal fires. In Ireland in 1926, 48 people died in a theater ablaze.
X-rays on Celluloid were blamed for a 1929 fire at a Cleveland Clinic that claimed 123 lives.
The 1937 Fox Vault Fire claimed almost the entire catalog of Fox Films. Decaying old celluloid films were now considered a major risk.
Cellulose Nitrate OC (5 points)
Cellulose Nitrate OC (5 points)
Make a Top 5 Favorite [Movies/TV Shows/Anime/Netflix Shows/Directors/Film related topic]*2. Include media for each entry.
Do you notice any trends or patterns for either your favorites (genre or topic material) or the data for the reviews? Average the resultant scores and calculate your critic score?
(1 pt) for list #1, (1 pt) for list #2, (1 pt) for all media, (1 pt) for pattern analysis, (1 pt) for presentation/formatting
(1 pt) for list #1, (1 pt) for list #2, (1 pt) for all media, (1 pt) for pattern analysis, (1 pt) for presentation/formatting
Smith's Top 5 Films
Smith's Top 5 Films
All of my favorite films might be considered "dark comedies."
All of my favorite films have been since my birth. Although I've seen a lot of film from older generations, these newer movies are linked with emotional events in my life that make them more special.
Sci-fi dominates the list. Although I've seen Matrix 1/2/3/4/Animatrix, none of the other listed favs have sequels.
All of my favorite films have been since my birth. Although I've seen a lot of film from older generations, these newer movies are linked with emotional events in my life that make them more special.
Sci-fi dominates the list. Although I've seen Matrix 1/2/3/4/Animatrix, none of the other listed favs have sequels.
🍅 AVG RT : 87%
🎞️ AVG IMDB: 8.14
Smith's Top 5 Directors
Smith's Top 5 Directors
Christopher Nolan
The Dark Knight (trilogy), Memento, The Prestige
🍅 RT : 94%/93%/76%
🎞️ IMDB:
Wes Anderson
Fantastic Mr. Fox, The Grand Budapest Hotel, Moonrise Kingdom
🍅 RT : 93%/92%/93%
🎞️ IMDB:
Guillermo Del Toro
Pan's Labyrinth, Mimic, The Shape of Water
🍅 RT : 95%/64%/92%
🎞️ IMDB:
Hayao Miyazaki
Howl's Moving Castle, Ponyo, Princess Mononoke
🍅 RT : 87%/91%/93%
🎞️ IMDB:
Extra Credit (5 points)
Extra Credit (5 points)
Record your lab in film by taking a selfie with one of your favorite teachers after you gift them the results of your lab. Spread the Thanksgiving cheer by sharing your Mac and Cheese/Arroz con Leche/Thai Tea. This selfie needs to be with a staff member other than Smith! Unless you are in the selfie, you don't get credit!
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