Publications

Goswami S., Giovanis D.G., Li B., Spence S.M.J., Shields M.D. (2025). Neural Operators for Stochastic Modeling of Nonlinear Structural System Response to Natural Hazards, arXiv.

Li B., Spence S.M.J.* (2024). Deep learning enabled rapid nonlinear time history wind performance assessment, Structures, 66, 106810.

Li B., Chuang W.-C., Spence S.M.J.* (2023). Reliability of Inelastic Wind Excited Structures by Dynamic Shakedown and Adaptive Fast Nonlinear Analysis (AFNA). Engineering Structures, 296, 116869.

Li B., Spence S.M.J.* (2023). Real-time Forecast of Hurricane-induced Damage Risk to Envelope Systems of Engineered Buildings through Metamodeling. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 232, 105273.

Li B., Spence S.M.J.* (2022). Metamodeling through Deep Learning of High-Dimensional Dynamic Nonlinear Systems Driven by General Stochastic Excitation. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 148(11), 04022186.

Li B., Chuang W.-C., Spence S.M.J.* (2021). Response Estimation of Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Nonlinear Stochastic Structural Systems through Metamodeling. ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 147(11), 04021082.

Li B., Dai K.*, Meng J., Liu K., Wang J., Tesfamariam S. (2021). Simplified Design Procedure for Nonconventional Multiple Tuned Mass Damper and Experimental Validation. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 30(2), e1818.

Li B., Dai K.*, Li H., Li B., Tesfamariam S. (2019). Optimum Design of A Non-conventional Multiple Tuned Mass Damper for A Complex Power Plant Structure. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 15(7), 954-964.

Dai K.*, Li B., Wang J., Li A., Li H., Li J., Tesfamariam S. (2018). Optimal Probability-based Partial Mass Isolation of Elevated Coal Scuttle in Thermal Power Plant Building. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 27(11), e1477.

Li, L., Yu, R., Hu, Q., Li, B., Deng, M., Zhou, Y., & Jia, X. (2025). From Pixels to Places: A Systematic Benchmark for Evaluating Image Geolocalization Ability in Large Language Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.01608.

Li B., Spence S.M.J. (2025). Transfer learning-enhanced LSTM metamodeling for efficient wind response analysis in PBWE. 14th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability (ICOSSAR’25), Los Angeles, USA.

Li B., Spence S.M.J. (2025). A Real-time Hurricane Damage Risk Assessment Framework for Building Envelopes of Engineered Systems. Engineering Mechanics Institute and Probabilistic Mechanics & Reliability Conference (EMI 2025/PMC 2025), Anaheim, USA.

Li B., Spence S.M.J. (2025). LSTM-Based Metamodeling with Transfer Learning for Efficient Wind Response Evaluation in Performance-Based Design. 15th American Conference on Wind Engineering, St Louis, USA.

Li B., Spence S.M.J. (2025). A Real-time Framework for Hurricane-induced Damage Risk Forecasting in Building Envelope Systems. 15th American Conference on Wind Engineering, St Louis, USA.

Li B., Bernardini E., Spence S.M.J. (2025). WiRA: A software for efficient reliability assessment and performance-based wind design. 15th American Conference on Wind Engineering, St Louis, USA.

Li B., Bernardini E., Spence S.M.J. (2024). WiRA: A software for efficient reliability assessment and performance-based wind design. 7th American Association for Wind Engineering Workshop, Ann Arbor, USA.

Giovanis D., Goswami S., Li B., Spence S.M.J., Shields M. (2024). Neural Operators for Stochastic Modeling of System Response to Natural Hazards. Engineering Mechanics Institute and Probabilistic Mechanics & Reliability Conference (EMI 2024/PMC 2024), Chicago, USA.

Li B., Spence S.M.J. (2023). Performance-based Wind Assessment of Nonlinear Systems through LSTM-based Metamodeling and Transfer Learning. 16th International Conference on Wind Engineering (ICWE 16), Florence, Italy.

Li B., Spence S.M.J. (2023). Deep Transfer Learning for Efficient Performance-based Assessment of Stochastic Nonlinear Dynamic Systems through Metamodeling. 14th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering (ICASP14), Dublin, Ireland.

Li B., Spence S.M.J. (2023). Deep Learning of Nonlinear Dynamic Structural Systems Subject to Natural Hazards. Structural Congress 2023, New Orleans, USA.

Li B., Spence S.M.J. (2023). WiRA 4.0 Tools for Performing PBWD through Method 3. ASCE PBWE Task Committee Meeting, Structural Congress 2023, New Orleans, USA.

Li B., Spence S.M.J. (2022). Physics-informed Deep Learning Metamodeling for MDOF Nonlinear Systems under Nonstationary Stochastic Wind Excitation. Engineering Mechanics Institute Conference (EMI 2022), Baltimore, USA.

Li B., Spence  S.M.J. (2022). Deep Learning-based Metamodeling of Nonlinear Dynamic Systems Subject to Stochastic Wind Excitation. 14th American Conference on Wind Engineering, Lubbock, USA.

Li B., Spence  S.M.J. (2022). A Real Time Damage Forecast Framework for Building Envelope Systems Subjected to Hurricanes. 14th American Conference on Wind Engineering, Lubbock, USA.

Li B., Ouyang Z., Chuang W.-C., Spence  S.M.J. (2021). Real Time Assessment of Building Envelope Systems subject to Hurricanes through Kriging Metamodels. 31th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL 2021), Angers, France.

Li B., Chuang W.-C., Spence S.M.J. (2021). An Adaptive Fast Nonlinear Analysis (AFNA) Algorithm for Rapid Time History Analysis. 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COMPDYN 2021), Athen, Greece.

Li B., Spence S.M.J. (2021). A Deep Learning Metamodeling Framework for High-dimensional Nonlinear and Dynamic Structural Systems Subject to Stochastic Excitation. Engineering Mechanics Institute and Probabilistic Mechanics \& Reliability Conference (EMI 2021/PMC 2021), Virtual Event.

Li B., Spence S.M.J. (2020). A Metamodeling Framework for Rapid Uncertainty Propagation through High-dimensional Nonlinear Structural Systems Subject to Stochastic Excitation. Engineering Mechanics Institute and Probabilistic Mechanics \& Reliability Conference (EMI 2020/PMC 2020), Virtual Event.

Li B., Spence S.M.J. (2019). Non-polynomial PC-NARX Metamodel for Wind Stochastic Response of Tall Building with Nonlinearity. 15th International Conference on Wind Engineering (ICWE15), Beijing, China.

Li B., Spence S.M.J. (2019). Uncertainty Propagation through High-fidelity Non-linear Dynamic Systems Driven by Stochastic Excitation. Engineering Mechanics Institute and Probabilistic Mechanics \& Reliability Conference (EMI 2019/PMC 2019), Pasadena, USA.

Li B., Spence S.M.J. (2019). A Metamodeling Framework for Efficient Uncertainty Propagation through Nonlinear Structural Systems. 3rd International Conference on Uncertainty Quantification in Computational Sciences and Engineering, Crete, Greece.