Conclusion

In our study, we investigated the effects of various fertilizer applications on wheat biomass, yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and nutrient uptake in plants and grains. The results demonstrated that using CCT as a nitrogen fertilizer significantly improved wheat biomass, yield, and NUE compared to conventional fertilizers. Specifically, the novel fertilizer increased crop stem biomass by 1014.52 kg/ha and boosted crop yield by 44.44%. Moreover, applying CCT-As enhanced the efficiency of nitrogen utilization in the soil by 18%. This fertilizer also significantly promoted nutrient uptake in wheat, particularly nitrogen. Among the treatments tested, CCT with low biochar content proved to be more effective in promoting wheat growth and development, leading to an additional yield increase of 900 kg/ha compared to CCT with high biochar content. Our findings suggest that the improvements in biomass and yield can be attributed to enhanced nutrient uptake and higher NUE. Furthermore, we observed a strong positive correlation between nutrient uptake, NUE, and wheat biomass and yield. These results highlight the potential of CCT fertilizers, particularly those with low biochar content, to optimize wheat production and resource efficiency.