Bologna has both an international airport ("Guglielmo Marconi") and a (fast) railway station. The airport is connected to the station through a (fast but expensive: 12.80€ single and 23.30€ return) monorail that runs every ~10 minutes from 5:40 am to 12 am; you can pay contactless.
From the station to the department (Piazza di Porta San Donato, 5) you can either walk (~25 minutes), hire a bike, or take a bus (e.g. bus n. 32; you can pay contactless).
Aula Pincherle is on the 2nd floor. Once you enter the department, the elevators are in front of you, stairs are right before on your right.
There is a canteen ("ristorante universitario") close to the department. Other quick options include pizza al taglio ("I Gemelli") and a Sicilian rotisserie on via Zamboni, or a self-service restaurant ("Le Salentine") on via San Donato. Some restaurants (e.g. Baracca e Burattini and Sartoria Gastronomica) offer a lunch menu (main + water + coffee = 13-15€). Vegan restaurants include Malerba and Estravagario). There are several other options on via Petroni and Piazza Aldrovandi.
Typical food (is quite heavy and based on meat, mostly pork) include tigelle e crescentine with fresh cheese (squacquerone) and cold cuts (mortadella, prosciutto crudo, etc.), tagliatelle al ragù, lasagne verdi, tortellini in brodo or alla crema di parmigiano, gramigna alla salsiccia, cotoletta petroniana. There are several delicious ice cream shops.
Ask the locals!
Visit the historical city centre (Piazza Maggiore, le due torri, Piazza Santo Stefano, Piazza Malpighi).
Take a walk to the sanctuary at San Luca.
Explore the gardens and parks: orto botanico, giardino del Guasto, Palazzo Hercolani, giardini Margherita, Montagnola, parco di Villa Angeletti.