What even is it?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes_Void
It's a giant void in the cosmos where there should be a ton of galaxies but there are only like 60.
- not to be confused with dark nebulas that block out light and that's why there appears to be a gap there.
How do galaxies form?
https://science.nasa.gov/universe/galaxies/evolution/
- everybody already knows this. It's not interesting
What are neutrinos?
https://www.space.com/what-are-neutrinos
## OFF CAMERA NOTES
Yeah I'm definitely looking into neutrinos. WAY more interesting
Whats even up with neutrinos!?
And how are they related to cosmic voids more importantly
- subatomic particles
- what's another example of a subatomic particle?
- what even are subatomic particles in the first place?
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Atomic_Theory/The_Atom/Sub-Atomic_Particles
- The bohr model is outdated but useful for showing the basic structure
- Most atoms have three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons
- understanding subatomic particles can help to understand the interactions between atoms.
- I'm struggling to understand exactly why it would be useful to know anything about subatomic particles
- I think big picture, it's what I said before. It's helpful to know how the base components of an object work to better understand the object itself.
- Basically the reason for studying anything in greater depth
- Can you go too deep though???.....unlikely
- Okay so, subatomic particles are tiny, we need to understand them to understand everything else, but neutrinos are different? But how though?
- so, neutrinos are super abundant, they tiny, and they don't really interact with anything.
- I need to know more about subatomic particles interact maybe?
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino
- too dense for me
- https://www.energy.gov/science/doe-explainsneutrinos
- neutrinos are being emitted by things? even banana's?
- neutrinos are produced by atomic nueclei coming together or breaking apart, eg. things in the sun or in a fission reactor
- things that are naturally radioactive, like potassium, also produce them? Or are examples of things that produce them? I'm confused
- science people think it is it's own antiparticle? What's important about an antiparticle?
- Oxford Dictionary:
- (Antiparticle) 1. a [subatomic](https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=88576adaa55fa00a&rlz=1C1RXQR_enUS1043US1044&sxsrf=AHTn8zp7CD7asFjdiZFBGbINANOmAQTuog:1742488256818&q=subatomic&si=APYL9bsF-Mq-fXaAyJcIV7GbwI1qyiQGVHIGu6ky5SwQBJDJ58DKXWnaHZBMHwSy2n5_B85xxm_1gUZTL3vFUwJafhcyc2_et7F0FpnLEhQ191nstfkdoqk%3D&expnd=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiKnMrMipmMAxUCHzQIHcseFGIQyecJegQITxAO) particle having the same mass as a given particle but opposite electric or magnetic properties. Every kind of subatomic particle has a corresponding antiparticle, e.g. the [positron](https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=88576adaa55fa00a&rlz=1C1RXQR_enUS1043US1044&sxsrf=AHTn8zp7CD7asFjdiZFBGbINANOmAQTuog:1742488256818&q=positron&si=APYL9bto9KfN6HH0KMpfhyCmyq0bHxYFyeVqtdOor3FiyipUOVyVyw5oW0Mot_dke-8DeP4oT3ooD8Qwebx_FRDF9VWgqt2qKUZfVSDD8rmkwWhy9oGCnrQ%3D&expnd=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiKnMrMipmMAxUCHzQIHcseFGIQyecJegQITxAP) has the same mass as the electron but an equal and opposite charge.
- okay so it's thought that neutrinos don't have these. they're special that way
- fun neutrino facts
- there are three different types. Each type only interacts with one other kind of particle, ie electron, mua, or tau
- they change between the three different types as they are traveling. called neutrino oscillation
Okay, I think I understand neutrinos enough to start looking into how they are contributing to the study of cosmic voids.
https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/504/4/5021/6244220
- nothing useful
https://news.fnal.gov/2019/03/waiting-for-neutrinos/
- most of the energy released in a supernova is released as neutrinos.
- why do scientists care so much about watching supernovas?
- they are hoping to learn "new physics"? the explanation was not satisfying
- basically science people can calculate how much energy was supposed to be released in a supernova and if there is any energy missing or not accounted for it could point to.....new physics? new particles being produced?
- I think I've hit the end of how well I'm going to be able to understand this.
Next question. How do they calculate these things? Like this void is supposed to be a crazy large distance across. How the bleep do they know that/how to measure these things?
- https://darkmatterdarkenergy.com/2015/04/24/the-supervoid/
- light that is traveling from distant galaxies will gain energy as it enters the gravity well of a mid trip galaxy, and then lose energy again as it has to climb out of that gravity well.
- they can actually gain speed doing this, becuase the energy it takes to get out of the well is less than it took to get into it.
- the opposite happens in a super void
- they lose energy going in, and gain it going out. It's a net-net photon that loses energy
- don't know what a net-net photon is though
- https://www.uwa.edu.au/science/-/media/Faculties/Science/Docs/Explanation-of-the-cosmic-distance-ladder.pdf
- there are a number of ladder rung steps that need to be taken to measure the farthest galaxies/distances
- each measurement "rung" builds on the previous step
- better get the first step correct or you are f'ed in the B
- The first step is
- Stellar Parallax
- make an isosceles triangle between earth, the sun, and the star. Measure the angle of the tip of the triangle that hit the star you want to measure the distance to.
- eh voila.
- It's more complicated than that, there's something about measuring it twice with the earth being on either side of the side sun at opposite times of the year?
- no idea how this works if the star is in line with the sun and earth
- the second is
- standard candle
- If you figure out how bright a star is you can determine how far away it is based on the brightness.
- theres something called absolute magnitude and lumosity which I don't really understand the difference of?
- and there's also cepheid stars which pulse and get brighter or dimmer at regular intervals
- what the what!? But why though!? Why on earth would a star pulse?
- the third step is
- type 1a supernovae
- this one is getting complicated. It's like the last step, but with supernovae?
- Supernovas are extremely bright and they have a predictable curve of bright to dim they follow of the star explosion progression
- the fourth step
- redshift
- getting into the expanding universe theory
- Also a little bit confusing but I'll try
- when looking at an object in space, there is a light pattern around the edge of something? The lens of the telscope? Not sure. Anyway, stars that are moving away make the color pattern shift red, stars moving towards us make it shift blue
- the further away a star is the more or less red the pattern shift
-