Rebekah Berhane

My name is Rebekah, and I'm a current senior at Johns Hopkins studying Molecular and Cellular Biology. Being surrounded by large, supportive communities of Eritreans throughout my life, I've recognized the importance of African storytelling as a means of sharing one's history, culture, religion, and morals. Taking this course introduced me to the concept of using Blackstorytelling as a tool to promote public health education. One of my goals as a pre-med student is to learn creative and culturally competent ways to promote physical and mental health in my community. This course brought me closer to my goals as it taught me valuable lessons on how to approach community based-health initiatives through Blackstorytelling. I will carry these with me on my journey as an aspiring health professional and community advocate.

My Friend Henrietta

My final project for this course highlights the story of Henrietta Lacks through a children's book. My goal is for the book to allow children to learn about Henrietta through a story that not only encompasses the unethical treatment she endured but also her incredible contributions to science. I hope the readers will grow up to remember Henrietta and become interested in advocacy as they draw connections between her story and their own observations of the medical system’s relationship with communities of color.

My Friend Henrietta

Final Script

My Friend Henrietta Final Script

While this is a children's book, It can also read as a performance between 3 characters: Ruthie, Momma, and Henrietta. 

Research

Who is Henrietta Lacks?

In 1951, Henrietta Lacks, a 31-year-old African American woman, was diagnosed with terminal cervical cancer by doctors at the Johns Hopkins Hopsital1. While sedated on the operating table in preparation for her cancer treatment, Henrietta wasn’t asked for consent from her surgeon before he removed samples of her cells for researchers. 

Henrietta died in October 1951, but her cells, later named HeLa cells, lived on to become “the first human cell line that can grow and divide endlessly in a laboratory.”2 Henrietta’s family was also not asked for consent before doctors publicly revealed Henrietta’s name, medical records, and genome. Although HeLa cells have been widely used to advanced biomedical research, their development is embedded in a story of racial inequity in our medical system.

Why a Children's Book?

As early as 6 months, children can notice race-based differences.3 By ages 2-4, they can internalize racial bias, and by 6, they can be conscious of social stereotypes and attribute positive traits to their own race.4 Talking about race with young children is incredibly important in their critical learning period as their experiences during this time have lasting effects on their developmet.5 Books are a great tool to initiate these conversations and develop a child’s positive sense of racial and ethnic identity.6 Studies have found that physicians are more likely to intervene on racist encounters and policies when they’re knowledgeable about the impact of racism on health.7 Yet, studies have also identified that medical students lack knowledge of the history of race relations and civil rights in America.8 Improving health equity begins at the elementary education level, and my book will provide children with the opportunity to learn from Henrietta’s story. 

The Making of The Book

This community-based learning course project was completed in collaboration with the National Great Blacks in Wax Museum (NGBWM) in Baltimore, MD. Througout the course, we had the honor to visit the museum multiple times. Here are my reflections through the process! 

Reflection 1: 

1st Trip to NGBWM

February 1st, 2023

This was the first time I visited the National Great Blacks in Wax Museum (NGBWM). Before arriving, I expected that I’d be seeing Black history through a more graphic representation than what is typically portrayed in schools. From listening to the podcast assigned before class, I knew the museum would display black figures undergoing lynching, whipping, force feeding, and many other heart-wrenching yet historically accurate tortures. Witnessing the figures in the slave boat while hearing the speakers play sounds of groaning voices as our tour guide, Nat, explained how sick slaves would attempt to hide their illness to avoid being thrown overboard made my stomach turn. As we walked down the steps past the sign that warned those under the age of 16 to not go down without adult supervision, the air felt thicker and warmer. 

The most graphic figures for me were the ones in the lynching exhibit. Specifically, the figure of nineteen-year-old Mary Turner whose body was burned after claiming that her husband, who was also lynched, was innocent. Witnessing her burns was not as gut wrenching as seeing the detailed scene of her unborn child being pulled out of her by a white man holding the hunting knife he used to cut a bloody hole in her abdomen. I started feeling sick as Nat told us how they sowed cats into Mary’s wound to eat her placenta then placed bets on which cat would eat its way out of her body first. Sitting in the discomfort of my experiences in the NGBWM was incredibly important. It allowed me to empathize with an incomparably small fraction of the discomfort that these figures grappled with their entire lives. The true sacrifices they made for the black world to be where it is today is often watered down and made ‘child friendly’ for younger audiences. 

I’m glad the NGBWM allows young people to witness some of the neglected facts from history in a way that sparks discomfort because even if all the information from the museum isn’t retained, the stomach twisting feeling will stick with you.

Reflection 2

2nd Trip to NGBWM

March 4th, 2023

This trip was the 2nd time I visited the National Great Blacks in Wax Museum (NGBWM). We met Dr. Joanne Martin, the founder of the museum, and heard her speak on how her and her husband, Dr. Elmer, founded and grew the NGBWM to what it is today. Hearing her speak about her book, The Black Extended Family, resonated with me since my household has always been a welcoming space where extended family members have lived with us from time to time. Her words made me think about the stereotypes people draw from these kinds of households since they don’t fit the nuclear family mold. It also made me wonder how public health factors in when considering the differing lifestyles between these two households. Our health system was built to support the nuclear family and health professionals often don’t consider how living in spaces with multigenerational influence affects their patient’s health. Dr. Martin also shared an anecdote about how early on, she and Dr. Elmer consulted with a wax figure artist about their idea to create the NGBWM. She described how after the consultation, they told the artist that even though he could steal their idea and create the NGBWM with all his resources, he didn’t have the passion to run the NGBWM. I love that they were so real with him. Time and time again, black artists, scientists, business(wo)men, and other creative thinkers have had their ideas stolen from those who simply have more resources. Dr. Martin’s anecdote made me feel at peace knowing that even though people will try to steal from us, they can never take away our passion. 

Dr. Martin then gave us a tour of the NGBWM with her behind-the-scenes insight on how some of the figures came to be. It was amazing to connect the dots between my lingering questions after my 1st NGBWM visit and Dr. Martin’s explanations. I was most amazed at how intentional the placement of the figures is in the museum. She described Dr. Elmer’s vision for the Harriet Tubman exhibit in detail and how he wanted the visitors to feel as they observed the exhibit from left to right. It was eye opening to hear how he wanted us to feel hatred towards the figure pushing the Black man into the furnace. Then confusion as to why he’s doing this. Then realization of what’s going on as we see what’s behind the wall. Then respect towards the first figure who we now realize is trying to help the man escape slavery. The level of detailed thought put into each exhibit and how it intends to makes the audience feel is incredible.

Reflection 3

Dunbar Baldwin Hughes Theater Company Presents Is God Is

March 26th, 2023

Seeing the Johns Hopkins Dunbar Baldwin Hughes Theater Company conduct their performance of Is God Is was an exhilarating experience. I’ve seen DBH perform other productions, and this one simply could not compare. Is God Is was more of an emotional rollercoaster for me with several unexpected twists and turns. The storyline of two black female leads on a murder spree to avenge their mother’s pain was much more gruesome than the previous productions I’ve seen DBH put on. The emotion portrayed by the actors was phenomenal. I spent a lot of time sitting like a statue in shock witnessing the leads beat other characters with a sock full of rocks. I spent even more time laughing at certain characters when they projected their comedic lines. I teared up hearing the mother cry as she reflected on the night her abusive husband burned her babies.  Overall, as an audience member, I was able to truly feel the emotion of the characters through the stage. One thing I love about DBH is how their shows encompass Black stories in multiple capacities. For example, between set changes when the lights go dim, they play songs by Black artists. The song’s genre seems to always fit the mood of the previous scene and keep the audience engaged even when the story is paused. I could tell how intentional every set decision was made from their remarkable production. Hearing about DBH’s behind-the-scenes work from some of  my friends in the show gave me a deeper appreciation for their performance. 

Brahein Richardson, Is God Is Lighting Designer

My friend, Brahein Richardson, was in charge of Is God Is' lighting. He had countless rehearsals for the show that lasted many hours. Even after opening night, he told me about how their team was constantly reflecting on the production and making improvements as they went. The dedication and resilience of the cast and crew was amazing to witness on stage. They embody Blackstorytelling and never fail to take me on a journey through their productions. For the performance of my final project, I hope to channel even a fraction of the amazing stage presence I witnessed from DBH.


Reflection 4: First On Stage Performance as Henrietta

April 11th, 2023

Performing on stage as Henrietta Lacks was a very interesting and new type of practice for me. I’m not used to being on stage or in the spotlight, so it was a bit blinding and intimidating to be up there. I can’t help but feel unprepared even knowing everything I’ve learned about Henrietta and feeling confident in my ability to represent her. Being on stage is just different. It requires much more than just knowing the facts. You have to embody the facts and express them in several capacities such as your inflections, movements, and subtle body language. I struggle with inflections even in regular conversations so I knew that having them come out on stage would be a challenge.

I want to make sure Henrietta’s character and personality is properly portrayed as I read her lines from the children’s book. Even though I’ll be portraying her character in the book through the lens of a child, Henrietta’s emotional range between her positive personality and intense feelings of pain shouldn’t be watered down or minimized. I think moving forward I should practice saying the words out loud maybe in the mirror or to a friend to make sure I can convey these emotions in my performance. 

Reflection 5

Final On Stage Performance as Henrietta 

April 25th, 2023

Hearing mamma Janice’s final in-class living biography as well as the feedback she had for my performance of my children’s book, My Friend Henrietta, at the National Great Blacks in Wax Museum has made me realize a lot of the ways in which I can improve as a storyteller. One piece of feedback mamma Janice had for me was to not use my laptop to show the illustrations. I agree with her feedback and often don’t know what to do with my hands. From mamma Janice’s living biography’s, I’ve learned how useful hand motions can be to engage with your audience and tell your story. Additionally, I’ve learned the importance of knowing your audience and tailoring your story to best engage the audience you’re in front of. Since my audience is children, I think I could improve in the future by telling my store with more animated expressions, using more hand movements, and asking more questions to the audience.

 Final Performance at the NGBWM:

         Overall, I’m proud of the work I did this semester! I’ve also learned a lot from this project about stepping outside my comfort zone. Oral presentations aren't easy, but practicing them through this course has allowed me to grow as a student and a storyteller. 

References

1.     The Embryo Project Encyclopedia: Henrietta Lacks (1920–1951). Henrietta Lacks (1920–1951) | The Embryo Project Encyclopedia. (n.d.).  https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/henrietta-lacks-1920-1951  

2.     U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2022, October 3). Significant research advances enabled by Hela Cells. National Institutes of Health. https://osp.od.nih.gov/hela-cells/significant-research-advances-enabled-by-hela-cells/

3.     The development and consequences of stereotype ... - wiley online library. (n.d.). https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-8624.7402012

4.     Talking to children about racial bias. HealthyChildren.org. (n.d.). https://healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/emotional-wellness/Building-Resilience/Pages/Talking-to-Children-About-Racial-Bias.aspx#.XtUOVHjsXaA.twitter

5.     Sriram, R. (2020, June 24). Why ages 2-7 matter so much for brain development. Edutopia.https://www.edutopia.org/article/why-ages-2-7-matter-so-much-brain-development/

6.     Reading and RES - American Psychological Association. (n.d.). https://www.apa.org/res/parent-resources/choosing-books.pdf

7.     Knowledge of racism's impact on health is key for physicians to intervene, study finds. Massachusetts General Hospital. (n.d.). https://www.massgeneral.org/news/press-release/knowledge-of-racisms-impact-on-health-is-key

8.     Sanky, C., Bai, H., He, C., & Appel, J. M. (2022, August 10). Medical students' knowledge of race-related history reveals areas for improvement in achieving health equity - BMC Medical Education. BioMed Central.https://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12909-022-03650-x