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Quantum Research Lab

Binayak Kar (賓拿雅)

Assistant Professor,Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering,National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan

Address: # 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd, Da’an District, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan, R.O.COffice: RB-309Phone: +886-2-27376700
Email: bkar [AT] mail.ntust.edu.tw

News!

The Paper "Choir-IDS: A Federated Learning Framework for Fidelity-Calibrated Explainable Intrusion Detection System for Edge-IoT Networks," accepted in Information Fusion, June 2025.
The Paper "ZBR: Zone-Based Routing in Quantum Networks with Efficient Entanglement Distribution," accepted in Journal of Network and Computer Applications, February 2025.
Dr. Binayak Kar elevated to the grade of IEEE Senior Member in 2025.
1/14/2025: Seifu Birhanu Tadele, my second Ph.D. student, successfully defended his dissertation entitled, "Optimization of Latency and AoI in Cloud, Edge and Vehicular-Fog Systems using Reinforcement Learning." Congratulations to Seifu!
1/14/2025: Frezer Guteta Wakgra, my first Ph.D. student, successfully defended his dissertation entitled, "Offloading Optimization in Edge and Vehicular-Fog Federated Systems using Reinforcement Learning." Congratulations to Frezer!
The Paper "Optimizing AoI in Mobility-based Vehicular Fog Networks: A Dueling-DDQN Approach," accepted in IEEE International Conference on Communications, January 2025.
The Paper "Mobility-Aware Multi-Objective Offloading Optimization in MEC and Vehicular-Fog Systems: A Waited-Ratio Based TD3 Approach," accepted in IEEE International Conference on Communications, January 2025.
The Paper "Optimizing the Ratio-Based Offloading in Federated Cloud-Edge Systems: A MADRL Approach," accepted in IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering, November 2024.
Congratulations to Frezer Guteta Wakgra from our lab for winning the 2024 CTCI Foundation Research Scholarship!

Recruiting: I am looking for self-motivated students (including Master, and Ph.D.) who want to work on interesting problems in Quantum Computing, QKD Networks, and Quantum ML. If you are interested in working with me, please schedule a meeting with me via email.

Background

Biography:

Binayak Kar is an Assistant Professor of computer science and information engineering at National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Taiwan. He received his Ph.D. degree in computer science and information engineering from the National Central University (NCU), Taiwan in 2018. He was a post-doctoral research fellow in computer science with National Chiao Tung University (NCTU), Taiwan, from 2018 to 2019. His research interests include edge computing, cybersecurity, and quantum computing.

Education:

Ph.D.: Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan

Thesis Title: Cost Optimization of Network Softwarization with Software Define Networking and Network Function Virtualization.

Advisors: Dr. Eric Hsiao-Kuang Wu (Professor, NCU, Taiwan) & Dr. Ying-Dar Lin (Chair Professor, NYCU, Taiwan)

Research Interest:

My primary research interests revolve around network optimization and queuing analysis, aiming to enhance user-perceived network performance through fundamental mathematical models and algorithms. Specifically, I am keen on employing machine learning techniques, particularly deep reinforcement learning, to address optimization challenges within the cloud-edge-fog (CEF) federation, focusing on offloading problems. My current research focuses on exploring the domains of Cybersecurity and Quantum Computing. In Cybersecurity, I am working on AI-driven intrusion detection and explainable AI. Meanwhile, my research in Quantum Computing is centered on the captivating field of Quantum routing, which represents a fascinating convergence of quantum computing and network optimization.

Research Areas:

Network Softwarization
Edge Computing
Cybersecurity
Quantum Computing

Services

Full-time Work Experience:

Assistant Professor: National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Aug. 2019 ~ Present)

Post-Doctoral Researcher: National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan (Jun. 2018 ~ Jul. 2019)

Program Committee:

Technical Program Committee, Member, Twenty-Third International Conference on Networks (ICN 2024), Barcelona, Spain, April 2024.
Technical Program Committee, Member, Fifth International Conference on Advances in Distributed Computing and Machine Learning (ICADCML-2024), Andra Pradesh, India, January 2024.
Technical Program Committee, Member, Second International Conference on Computing, Communication and Learning (COCOLE), Warangal, India, August 2023.
Technical Program Committee, Member, Twenty-Second International Conference on Networks (ICN 2023), Venice, Italy, April 2023.
Technical Program Committee, Member, First International Conference on Computing, Communication and Learning (COCOLE), Warangal, India, October 2022.
Technical Program Committee, Member, Twenty-First International Conference on Networks (ICN 2022), Barcelona, Spain, April 2022.
Technical Program Committee, Member, Third International Conference on Advances in Distributed Computing and Machine Learning (ICADCML-2022), Warangal, India, January 2022.
Technical Program Committee, Member, Twentieth International Conference on Networks (ICN 2021), Porto, Portugal, April 2021.
Technical Program Committee, Member, Second International Conference on Advances in Distributed Computing and Machine Learning (ICADCML-2021), Bhubaneswar, India, January 2021.
Technical Program Committee, Member, First International Conference on Advances in Distributed Computing and Machine Learning (ICADCML-2020), Vellore, India, January 2020.

Other Committee:

Member of the Honorary Advisory Committee of Indian Professors in Taiwan for Taiwan Education Center at NTHU (TEC-NTHUPO) from March 2021 to present.

Keynotes and Invited Talks:

Invited talk, FDP on Building Services in Smart City Through IoT-Edge-Fog-Cloud Federation, NIT Warangal, Telangana, India, December 09-14, 2024, Topic: Offloading in Edge and Vehicular-Fog Federated Systems using Machine Learning for Smart Transportation System.
Invited talk, Quantum Computing Workshop, SR University, Telangana, India, September 4, 2024. Topic: Quantum Computing for Computer Science: Possible Research Directions.
Invited talk, Indo-Taiwan Bilateral Workshop on Cyber Security, IIT Jammu, Jammu, India, 18-19 May, 2023. Topic: Trustworthiness, fidelity, and data generalization of machine learning: Intrusion detection, AIoT, and beyond.
Invited talk, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica (中央研究院), Taipei, Taiwan, November 8, 2021. Topic: Offloading in Federated Systems: Classification, Architecture, and Optimization.
Keynote speech, Second International Conference on Advances in Distributed Computing and Machine Learning (ICADCML-2021), Bhubaneswar, India, January 15-16, 2021. Topic: Renting, Scaling, and Offloading in Federated Systems: When and Why?
Invited talk, E&ICT FDP on Cloud and Fog Computing Platforms for Internet of Things Application, NIT Warangal, Telangana, India, December 16-23, 2020, Topic: Research Roadmap of Offloading in Federated Cloud, Edge, and Fog Systems.
Keynote speech, First International Conference on Advances in Distributed Computing and Machine Learning (ICADCML-2020), Vellore, India, January 30-31, 2020. Topic: Research Roadmap of Offloading in Federated Cloud, Edge, and Fog Systems.

Reviewer:

Journals: IEEE Transactions on Computers (TC), IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (TNSM), IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (J-SAC), IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (TPDS), Elsevier Journal of Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory (SIMPAT), IEEE Access, International Journal of Electrical Engineering (IJEE), IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology (TVT), Computer Science and Information Systems (ComSIS), IEEE Transactions on Reliability, Elsevier Journal of Computer Communications, IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering (TNSE), Measurement: Sensors, IEEE Internet of Things Magazine (IOTMAG), Springer Journal of Supercomputing, Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, IEICE Transactions on Communications, IEEE Internet of Things Journal (IoT-J), Sensors (MDPI), Computers (MDPI), Future Internet (MDPI), Applied Sciences (MDPI), IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications (TWC), Cluster Computing (Springer), IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics (JBHI), IEEE Transactions on Networking (TON).
Conferences: Globecom 2018, VTC-fall 2019, WCNC 2020, PIMRC 2020, ICTC 2020, WCNC 2021, HCII 2021, IEMTRONICS 2021, OCIT 2021, ICCE 2022, WCNC 2023, Globecom 2023, ICC 2024, PIMRC 2025.

Teaching

Data structures (UPTP)
Queuing Theory (CS5148701)
Cloud Computing (CS3033701)
Modern Networking (CS3050701)
Engineering Mathematics (CS2001301)

Introduction to Computer Networks (UPTP)
Advanced Modern Networking (CS5156701)
Advanced Computer Networks (CS3805301)
Introduction to Information Security (CS4003301)
Cloud Computing Tutorials (CS3818701)
Advanced Computer Networks Tutorials (CS3806301)
Introduction to Information Security Tutorials (CS3817301)

Lab members

Ph.D. Students:

Jyoti Prakash Sahoo
- Research area: Explainable AI
Pankaj Kumar
- Research area: Quantum routing

Past Ph.D. Students:

Seifu Birhanu Tedale
- Thesis title: Optimization of Latency and AoI in Cloud, Edge and Vehicular-Fog Systems using Reinforcement Learning
Frezer Guteta Wakgra
- Thesis title: Offloading Optimization in Edge and Vehicular-Fog Federated Systems using Reinforcement Learning

Master Students:

Markus Andreas
Tom Van Deusen
Himanshu Tiwari
Sarin Wassanawatheekij
Donny Fernando

Past Master Students:

Megha Dey Sarkar
Shashank
Ujjwal Sahu
Richard Ivan

Publications

Journal Papers:

j18. Jyoti Prakash Sahoo, Binayak Kar, Ahmed M. Abdelmoniem, and Dimitris Chatzopoulos, "Choir-IDS: A Federated Learning Framework for Fidelity-Calibrated Explainable Intrusion Detection System for Edge-IoT Networks," Information Fusion, to appear.

j17. Pankaj Kumar, Binayak Kar, "ZBR: Zone-Based Routing in Quantum Networks with Efficient Entanglement Distribution," Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 238, pp. 104156, Mar 2025.

j16. Seifu Birhanu Tadele, Widhi Yahya, Binayak Kar, Ying-Dar Lin, Yuan-Cheng Lai, and Frezer Guteta Wakgra, "Optimizing the Ratio-Based Offloading in Federated Cloud-Edge Systems: A MADRL Approach," IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 463 - 475, Nov. 2024.

j15. Seifu Birhanu Tadele, Binayak Kar, Frezer Guteta Wakgra, and Asif Uddin Khan, “Optimization of End-to-End AoI in Edge-Enabled Vehicular Fog Systems: A Dueling-DQN Approach,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 843 - 853, Oct. 2024.

j14. Frezer Guteta Wakgra, Widhi Yahya, Binayak Kar, Yuan-Cheng Lai, Ying-Dar Lin, and Seifu Birhanu Tadele, "Ratio-Based Offloading Optimization for Edge and Vehicular-Fog Federated Systems: A Multi-Agent TD3 Approach," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 73, no. 11, pp. 17684 - 17696, Nov. 2024.

j13. Primatar Kuswiradyo, Binayak Kar, and Shan-Hsiang Shen, "Optimizing the Energy Consumption in Three-Tier Cloud-Edge-Fog Federated Systems with Omnidirectional Offloading," Computer Networks, vol. 250, pp. 110578, Jun. 2024.

j12. Frezer Guteta Wakgra, Binayak Kar, Seifu Birhanu Tadele, Shan-Hsiang Shen, and Asif Uddin Khan, “Multi-Objective Offloading Optimization in MEC and Vehicular-Fog Systems: A Distributed-TD3 Approach,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 16897-16909, Nov. 2024.

j11. Saumyaranjan Dash, Asif Uddin Khan, Binayak Kar, Santosh Kumar Swain, Primatar Kuswiradyo, Seifu Birhanu Tadele, and Frezer Guteta Wakgra, “CRAMP: Clustering-based RANs Association and MEC Placement for Delay-Sensitive Applications,” Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 227, pp. 103893, May 2024.

j10. Bo-Shiuan Lin, Binayak Kar, Tai-Lin Chin, Ying-Dar Lin, and Chung-Yueh Chen, “Cost Optimization for Cloud-Edge-Fog Federated Systems with Bidirectional Offloading: One-hop vs. Two-hop,” Telecommunication Systems (Springer), vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 487-505, Sep. 2023.

j9. Iwan Setiawan, Binayak Kar, and Shan-Hsiang Shen, "Energy-Efficient Softwarized Networks: A Survey," IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, to appear.

j8. Binayak Kar, Ying-Dar Lin, and Yuan-Cheng Lai, "Cost Optimization of Omnidirectional Offloading in Two-tier Cloud-Edge Federated Systems," Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 215, pp. 103630, Apr. 2023.

j7. Binayak Kar, Widhi Yahya, Ying-Dar Lin, Asad Ali, "Offloading using Traditional Optimization and Machine Learning in Federated Cloud-Edge-Fog Systems: A Survey," IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 1199-1226, Jan. 2023.

j6. Binayak Kar, Kuan-Min Shieh, Yuan-Cheng Lai, Ying-Dar Lin, and Huei-Wen Ferng, "QoS Violation Probability Minimization in Federating Vehicular-Fogs with Cloud and Edge Systems," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 70, no. 12, pp.13270-13280, Dec. 2021.

j5. Li-Hsing Yen, Jui-Chung Hu, Ying-Dar Lin, and Binayak Kar, "Decentralized Conﬁguration Protocols for Low-Cost Ofﬂoading from Multiple Edges to Multiple Vehicular Fogs," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 872-885, Jan. 2021.

j4. Binayak Kar, Eric Hsiao-Kuang Wu, and Ying-Dar Lin, "Communication and Computing Cost Optimization of Meshed Hierarchical NFV Datacenters," IEEE Access, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 94795-94809, May. 2020.

j3. Binayak Kar, Eric Hsiao-Kuang Wu, and Ying-Dar Lin, "Energy Cost Optimization in Dynamic Placement of Virtualized Network Function Chains," IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 372-386, Mar. 2018.

j2. Binayak Kar, Eric Hsiao-Kuang Wu, and Ying-Dar Lin, "The Budgeted Maximum Coverage Problem in Partially Deployed Software Defined Networks," IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 394-406, Sept. 2016.

j1. Binayak Kar, Pritam Prava Sahoo, and Ashok Kumar Das, "An Improved Proxy Ring Signature Scheme with Revocable Anonymity," International Journal of Computer and Network Security, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 70-74, 2010.

International Conference Papers:

c12. Pankaj Kumar, Abhinav Tomar, Aditya Chaudhary, Chinmay Gupta, Sejal Jamwal, and Binayak Kar, "From Classical Bottlenecks to Quantum Breakthroughs: Intelligent Energy Scheduling in Rechargeable Sensor Networks," IEEE International Conference on Contemporary Computing (IC3), Aug. 2025, Noida, India.

c11. Seifu Birhanu Tadele, Binayak Kar, Frezer Guteta Wakgra, and Madhusanka Liyanage, "Optimizing AoI in Mobility-based Vehicular Fog Networks: A Dueling-DDQN Approach," IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Jun. 2025, Montreal, Canada.

c10. Frezer Guteta Wakgra, Binayak Kar, Seifu Birhanu Tadele, Krishna M Sivalingam, and Madhusanka Liyanage, "Mobility-Aware Multi-Objective Offloading Optimization in MEC and Vehicular-Fog Systems: A Waited-Ratio Based TD3 Approach," IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Jun. 2025, Montreal, Canada.

c9. Jyoti Prakash Sahoo, Binayak Kar, and Fuxiang Chen, "QCSchield: A Quantum-Classical Hybrid Framework for Intrusion Detection in Edge-IIoT," 6th International Conference on Advances on Distributed Computing and Machine Learning, Jan. 2025.

c8. Pankaj Kumar, Binayak Kar, "Design Strategy of Entanglement Routing Protocols in Quantum Networks: Overview and Challenges," 6th International Conference on Advances on Distributed Computing and Machine Learning, Jan. 2025.

c7. Saumyaranjan Dash, Asif Uddin Khan, Santosh Kumar Swain, and Binayak Kar, " Clustering Based Efficient MEC Server Placement and Association in 5G Networks," 19th IEEE OITS International Conference on Information Technology (OCIT), Dec. 2021.

c6. Binayak Kar, Ying-Dar Lin, and Yuan-Cheng Lai, "OMNI: Omin-directional Dual Cost Optimization of Two-Tier Federated Cloud-Edge Systems," IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Jun. 2020, Dublin, Ireland.

c5. Ying-Dar Lin, Jui-Chung Hu, Binayak Kar, and Li-Hsin Yen, "Cost Minimization with Offloading to Vehicles in Two-tier Federated Edge and Vehicular Fog Systems," IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-fall), Sept. 2019, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.

c4. Binayak Kar and Eric Hsiao-kuang Wu, "Authentication of Real-time Communication System using KIS Scheme," International Workshop on Networking and Applications (IWNA), Aug. 2013, Taipei, Taiwan.

c3. Binayak Kar, Asif Uddin Khan, Laxminath Tripathy, Priyabrata Sahoo and Raj Kumar Parida, “Ecc Based Self Proxy Signature Scheme,” International Workshop on Future Communication and Networking (IWFCN), ASME Press, pp. 1363-1366, Dec. 12 – 13, 2011, Hong Kong.

c2. Binayak Kar, Pritam Prava Sahoo, and Asif Uddin Khan, "Improved Self-certified Partially Blind Signature Scheme," International Conference (ICCT-2010), Dec. 2010, Bhubaneswar, India.

c1. Binayak Kar, Pritam Prava Sahoo, and Ashok Kumar Das, "A Secure Proxy Blind Signature Scheme Based on DLP," IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Information Networking and Security (MINES 2010), pp. 477-480, IEEE Computer Society Press, Nov. 4–6, 2010, Nanjing, China.

Local Research Publications:

1. 林盈達、胡瑞中、Binayak Kar、嚴力行、王人右, “基於雙層聯合邊緣及車載霧系統的成本最小化流量卸載問題,” 15th Workshop on Wireless, Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks (WASN 2019), Tainan City, Taiwan. (Won Excellent Paper Award)

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