Supramolecular self-assembly refers to the spontaneous association of organic molecules under equilibrium conditions to form sophisticated nanostructures held together by noncovalent interactions. This concept has emerged as an advanced framework in noncovalent synthesis, enabling the creation of diverse functional nanomaterials. 

In nature, supramolecular self-assembly is ubiquitous, particularly in living systems, where it drives the formation of countless biological architectures that are precisely regulated in space and time. Inspired by these natural design principles, novel methodologies such as enzyme-catalyzed self-assembly and interfacial self-assembly have been developed to achieve spatiotemporal control over supramolecular organization. These approaches allow the programmable construction of nanomaterials and open avenues for applications in cancer therapy, tissue engineering, and single-cell encapsulation, while also offering powerful platforms for probing fundamental questions related to the origin of life.