13th is a 2016 American documentary film directed by Ava DuVernay. The film explores the prison-industrial complex, and the "intersection of race, justice, and mass incarceration in the United States";[3] it is titled after the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, adopted in 1865, which abolished slavery throughout the United States and ended involuntary servitude except as a punishment for conviction of a crime. This allowed for a constitutional loophole in which black Americans became criminalized and faced involuntary servitude in the form of penal labor.
13th garnered acclaim from a number of film critics. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 89th Academy Awards,[4]and won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Special at the 69th Primetime Emmy Awards.[5]
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As a result, from the early 1970s to the present, the rate of incarceration and the number of people in prisons has climbed dramatically in the United States, while at the same time the rate of crime in the United States has continued to decline since the late 20th century. As late as the 2016 presidential election, the eventual winner Donald Trump worked to generate fear of crime, claiming high rates in New York City, for instance, which was not true according to the documentary. The documentary states that crime was lower overall than it had been in decades, but that Republican candidates raised it to generate fear. Private prison contractors entered the market to satisfy demand as arrests and sentences increased, forming an independent group with its own economic incentives to criminalize minor activities and lengthen sentences in order to keep prisons full. Politicians and businessmen in rural areas encouraged construction of prisons to supply local jobs, and they also have had incentives to keep prisons full.
The film was written by Ava DuVernay, who wrote and directed Selma (2014), and Spencer Averick. Averick also edited the film. Produced and filmed in secrecy, 13th was revealed only after it was announced as the opening film for the 2016 New York Film Festival, the first documentary ever to open the festival.[8][9]
The film was released on October 7, 2016, on Netflix.[8] A companion piece 13th: A Conversation with Oprah Winfrey & Ava DuVernay was released on January 26, 2017, in the United States and on January 31, 2017, worldwide on the service.[10] On April 17, 2020, Netflix released the film for free on YouTube.[11]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 97% based on 102 reviews, with an average rating of 8.77/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "13th strikes at the heart of America's tangled racial history, offering observations as incendiary as they are calmly controlled."[12] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 83 out of 100, based on reviews from 29 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[13]
Dan Berger of Black Perspectives wrote that 13th was at its best in chronicling the lives of individuals in the American prison system, but said the film "makes several significant factual errors" such as using outdated statistical data and overstating the role of for-profit prisons.[15]John Anderson of America Magazine also had similar criticism to this film.[16]
I'm told by the system that [a theatrical release] is what matters, but then people aren't seeing your movies. Take the number of people who saw Selma, a Christmas release with an Oscar campaign about Dr. Martin Luther King. Well, more than a quadruple amount of people saw 13th, about the prison-industrial complex. If I'm telling these stories to reach a mass audience, then really, nothing else matters.[17]
The film was nominated for dozens of awards, winning best documentary at the British Academy Film Awards and the Primetime Emmy Awards, a Peabody Award for excellence, and receiving a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. DuVernay received a Primetime Emmy Award for her writing, and was nominated for directing. The song "Letter to the Free" was nominated for several awards with Common, Robert Glasper, and Karriem Riggins winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics.
The awards season is upon us and soon you'll hear all kinds of interviews and talk about films all in search of that elusive Oscar buzz. Well, one film is already generating that buzz and the topic might surprise you. It's called "13TH." It's the latest offering from director Ava DuVernay. You might remember that last year her film "Selma" was nominated for two Academy Awards. Well, "13TH" is different. It is a documentary about the weighty topic of mass incarceration. It was just named to the shortlist for an Oscar in the documentary category. You can see it on Netflix now. And the film makes the case that the American criminal justice system really serves as a strategy to control black and brown people - in essence, slavery by another name.
KEVIN GANNON: The 13th Amendment to the Constitution makes it unconstitutional for someone to be held as a slave. In other words, it grants freedom to all Americans. There are exceptions, including criminals.
DUVERNAY: Yeah, the documentary was built for two different kinds of audiences - folks out there that know about this and folks out there that have never heard of it. For folks out there that know about it, the feedback that I've got and what my intention was was to put it all in one place because when you see everything lined up, some of the things that we know from various books and documentaries of great thinkers out there, when everything is lined up back to back, it paints a different picture. There's something that's illuminated when you put it all together as a whole. So that was one way that I constructed the documentary. The other way that my editors Spencer Averick and I went about it was to the person that has not heard nothing about this, that thinks that prison is a place where bad people go and that's that, to give them a just a primer to think more deeply about, become more educated about, just have a broader base of knowledge about the criminal justice system as it stands right now and as it has stood for many decades.
MARTIN: Ava DuVernay is an Oscar-nominated director and screenwriter. Her documentary "13TH," which she also co-wrote is streaming on Netflix now. Ava DuVernay, thank you so much for speaking with us.
I want to communicate about issues that matter, to listen to the unheard, amplify their voices, and to educate others about the social injustices of the world. After viewing this documentary, I decided to organize an event with the ACLU of Ohio, to further discuss these issues with the community at large.
Outrage aside, this documentary is beautifully eloquent. The power of this documentary, is its ability to show the bigger picture, to connect the dots, to explain the code words and motives behind certain political speeches, and to illuminate the inherent contradictions within the American society. Anger.
13th zeroes in on Black people in America, the criminalization of a community, mass incarceration, politics, lobbying, and our entire judicial system. Our criminal justice system fails so many people, and leaves so many communities vulnerable to fall into the loophole (or trap) that is the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution. However, 13th also tells the story of the African American Community, their unwillingness to give up, and their fight for life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Resilience.
No matter how down and depressed you may feel after viewing this documentary, remember that it is not the end, The emotional journey begins with despair, then leads to anger, which drives the call to action and the rewarding road ahead of racial equality and justice. We all need to see the bigger picture and understand the problems within the system, so we may be empowered to fix it.
Fighting discrimination is always on my agenda; I shared 13th in order to make others aware and empowered to organize and combat racial discrimination and the prison industrial complex in the United States.
The 2016 documentary "13th," directed by Ava DuVernay, examines the history of racial inequality in the United States and the mass incarceration of black Americans. The documentary is available to stream on Netflix. (Courtesy/Netflix)
In '13th,' Ava Duvernay explores a loophole, which deems a form of slavery acceptable in the legal form of criminal punishment. Duvernay's documentary takes a well-informed look at this loophole and administers a researched look at the American incarceration system and how it contributes to systemic racism today.
Nov 16 - 6 p.m. - Wexner Center for the Arts
Join Michelle Alexander, author of "The New Jim Crow," for a screening of Ava DuVernay's new documentary film "13th," which explores the historical foundations and present-day structures of mass incarceration in the United States. The film screening will be followed by a panel discussion led by Alexander, with Ohio State faculty, community organizers and student activists at the Wexner Center for the Arts. A reception kicks off the evening at 5 p.m. Registration is required.
TIME: This documentary came out a month before the election, and it includes footage of both Donald Trump and the Clintons talking about incarceration and related subjects. Was your hope that it would influence the conversation about the candidates?
I knew that he had that position, so it was really just a question of whether or not he would repeat it to me on camera. What surprised me was ALEC [The American Legislative Exchange Council, an organization of conservative legislators and representatives of private companies that has promoted policies that keep prison populations high]. Having been an African-American Studies major at UCLA, a student of black liberation theory and growing up in Compton, I was very familiar with the history that I share in the film, and being a part of the Black Lives Matter movement, I understood that part of it. But I was so shaken up about discovering ALEC that I delved into that research for a good six months so that I could learn it fully enough to share it in the documentary. be457b7860
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