Glomus Spp.

Figure 1: Image of different species of Glomus Fungi. Taken from https://bookstore.teri.res.in /e_issue_text_1.php?oj_id=350&sector=857

Introduction to Glomus

Glomus is a genus of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi (Shelly, 2021)
Location: Form spores in soil and roots of plants (Shelly, 2021)

Fun Fact: Glomus is the largest genus of AM fungi, with 85 species (Shelly, 2021)

Primary source article: Analysis of Quantitative Interactions between Two Species of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (Alkan, 2006.)

Figure 2: Picture of arbuscular mycorrhizal. Taken from alchetron.com.

Background

All species form symbiotic relationships (mycorrhizas) with plant roots. (Shelly, 2021)
Glomus species are entirely asexual (Shelly, 2021)
Can germinate without a host plant (Shelly, 2021)
Though they require a host to obtain organic nutrients (Shelly, 2021)
Exist in the environment as both spore and hyphae (Shelly, 2021)
Glomus species are found in nearly all terrestrial habitats, including arable land, deserts, grasslands, tropical forests, and tundras. (Shelly, 2021)

Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Glomeromycota
Class: Glomeromycetes
Order: Glomerales
Family: Glomeraceae
Genus: Glomus (Glomus, 2022)

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide numerous benefits to their plant hosts, including improved nutrient uptake, drought resistance, and disease resistance. (Shelly, 2021)

Figure 4: Effect of salinity level on fungal competition in M. truncatula roots. Four levels of salinity were used, and the colonization by each fungus was quantified at the fifth (a), sixth (b), and seventh (c) weeks following initiation of the stress treatment. Taken from journals.asm.org.

Experiment

Goal was to study the infection pattern of two Glomus species with a "qRT-PCR protocol". (Alkan et al., 2006)
The infection of two species of AMF, G. mosseae and G. Intraradices were studied during their colonization of a single root system.(Alkan et al., 2006)
- Both were maintained in association with leek plants under standard pot conditions. (Alkan et al., 2006)
The effects of outside factors were studied by varying the external phosphorus and salinity levels and by using several hosts. (Alkan et al., 2006)
The primers were custom synthesized by Sigma-Genosys ; Rehovot, Israel. (Alkan et al., 2006)
Pure genomic DNA from both plant and fungal material was isolated for constructing the standard calibration curves.(Alkan et al., 2006)
- The individual fungi were isolated using a decanting method. (Alkan et al., 2006)

Figure 5: Effect of phosphorus stress on the colonization ability of G. intraradices BEG141 and G. mosseae in M. truncatula roots. Four different phosphorus levels were used: 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mM. Taken from journals.asm.org.

Results

Both of the plants had temperatures (Tm) in the range of 60 to 62°C (Alkan et al., 2006)
When either AM fungal isolate was tested, the max fungal density was detected in the vicinity of the inoculation zone (6 cm). (Alkan et al., 2006)
The highest colonization level of each of the isolates was about 10%.(Alkan et al., 2006)
In the control treatment (NaCl) both G. mosseae and G. intraradices, were found to be approximately equal at all three sampling points (Alkan et al., 2006)
As shown to the left, the salinity levels each week was presented.

Conclusion

Though soil is starting to lack salinity, with new results that emerged show that AMF have the potential to ameliorate the effect of salinity on plant growth. (Alkan et al., 2006)
With present studies demonstrate that tracking progress of a single isolate under a saline condition over a temporal course is possible. (Alkan et al., 2006)
This is in order to study how each isolate would perform under a practical field condition. (Alkan et al., 2006)

Figure 6: Life cycle of Glomus Spp. Taken from alchetron.com.

References

Primary Source:

Alkan, N., Gadkar, V., Yarden, O., & Kapulnik, Y. (2006). Analysis of quantitative interactions between two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices , by real-time PCR. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72(6), 4192–4199.

Secondary Source:

Glomus. microbewiki. (n.d.). Retrieved September 19, 2022, from https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index. php/Glomus#Classification
Shetty, T. (2021, April 1). Glomus (fungus) - Alchetron, the Free Social Encyclopedia. Alchetron.com. Retrieved August 29, 2022, from https://alchetron.com/Glomus-%28fungus%29

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