🧬 Biochemistry and Physiology in Zoology

(A Short Article)

🔬 Introduction

Biochemistry and physiology are two closely related branches of biological science that are fundamental to understanding animal life. While biochemistry focuses on the chemical processes within living organisms, physiology deals with the physical and biological functions of organs and systems.

🧪 Biochemistry in Zoology

Biochemistry is the study of chemical substances and processes that occur in animals. It includes:

• Macromolecules: Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

• Metabolism: The chemical reactions that provide energy, including cellular respiration and photosynthesis (in some symbiotic animals).

• Enzymes: Biological catalysts that regulate all biochemical reactions.

• Hormones: Chemical messengers that influence growth, development, and metabolism.

🧠 Importance:

• Helps understand genetic inheritance through DNA/RNA.

• Explains enzyme activity and its role in digestion.

• Aids in discovering treatments for animal diseases through molecular biology.

🫀 Physiology in Zoology

Physiology involves the study of how the body functions. This includes:

• Organ Systems: Digestive, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, nervous, reproductive, etc.

• Homeostasis: The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

• Neurophysiology: How nerves and the brain coordinate bodily functions.

• Endocrinology: The role of hormones in regulating body activities.

🧬 Importance:

• Helps in understanding how animals adapt to environments.

• Explains body mechanisms like heartbeat, respiration, and muscle contraction.

• Essential for veterinary science, wildlife conservation, and animal research.
  
  

🧩 Interconnection of Biochemistry and Physiology

Both fields are interconnected:

• A biochemical imbalance (e.g., lack of insulin) affects physiology (e.g., causes diabetes).

• Hormonal changes (biochemistry) affect reproductive cycles (physiology).
  
  

📚 Conclusion

Biochemistry and physiology together provide a complete understanding of animal life at the molecular and systemic levels. These subjects are not only essential for zoology students but also for researchers, doctors, and conservationists working to improve animal health and ecosystems.