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Previous Steps 💡
Acetyl CoA + Oxaloacetate → Citrate + CoA-SH
ENZYME: Citrate SynthaseÂ
Citrate → IsocitrateÂ
ENZYME: AconitaseÂ
Isocitrate → alpha-Ketogluterate + CO2 + NADH
ENZYME: Isocitrate dehydrogenaseÂ
alpha-Ketogluterate → Succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH
ENZYME: alpha-Ketogluterate dehydrogenase COMPLEXÂ
Succinyl-CoA → Succinate + CoA + ⚡GTP⚡
ENZYME: Succinyl-CoA SynthetaseÂ
Phase 4: Regeneration PhaseÂ
In this phase, oxaloacetate is regenerated
Succinate → Fumarate + FADH2
ENZYME: Succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II) → This is the PDH complex that contained FAD!Â
H2O + Fumarate → L-Malate (yes, it is stereospecific)
ENZYME: FumaraseÂ
Malate → Oxaloacetate + NADH
ENZYME: malate dehydrogenaseÂ
This reaction is unfavorable, BUT the pull for oxaloacetate to form citrate is so strong that it overcomes it.
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