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Mitochondrial activity and metabolism, as well as cellular antioxidant systems, are closely related to aging and the chronic diseases associated with it. Our research tries to determine how the maintenance of good mitochondrial health together with a high endogenous antioxidant activity improves the progress of aging and prevents the appearance and aggravation of chronic diseases associated with it such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, neurodegeneration, muscle loss or immunosenescence.
We focus the study on the factors involved in mitochondrial dynamics and the maintenance of mitochondrial activity at advanced ages, as well as in the prevention of the loss of endogenous antioxidant capacity.
López-Lluch and Navas. J. Physiol 594(8):2043-2060
CR induces many pathways that are involved in changes in mitochondrial physiology by activating AMPK‐ and SIRT‐dependent pathways and inducing mitochondrial turnover by balancing mitochondrial biogenesis with induction of mitophagy of damaged mitochondria. This regulation reduces the production of ROS by damaged mitochondria, thus reducing oxidative damage. This damage is also reduced by the induction of cell antioxidant activities such as CAT, SOD and GPx and by preventing the activation of proinflammatory processes by blocking the NFκB pathway. On the other hand, the role of plasma membrane redox system regulation in the CR effect on cells remains to be clarified but it seems that in aged cells and tissues the induction of this system by activation of Nrf2 not only prevents lipid peroxidation in membranes but can also regulate the response to external factors such as local factors or insulin. We cannot discard a putative role of this system in the regulation of the insulin response preventing insulin‐resistance in aged cells.
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