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A new University of Washington study points to yet another human factor that is hampering the ability of fish to reproduce: the timing of our fishing seasons. The paper, appearing online last month in the journal Fish and Fisheries, is one of only a handful of studies that considers how the timing of fishing efforts might disproportionately target certain fish and change the life history patterns of entire populations.

Fishing regulations, the patterns and habits of people who fish, and even weather can increase fishing efforts at certain times, putting more pressure on fish during a short period. For salmon in particular, migration and spawning are timed so that both parents and offspring have the highest chance for survival. Fishing that targets only early or late-arriving fish can, over many generations, reduce the numbers moving and spawning at the time that is most favorable for them biologically, the researchers explain.

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For example, if a fishery opens on Aug. 1, salmon that return to their natal streams before that date are home free. In contrast, fish migrating on the first of the month or after can face an incredible amount of fishing pressure, especially if the weather is favorable and the conditions good for harvesting.

While salmonid species were the focus of this study, the findings could be applied to other fish that have equally complex migration and breeding behaviors. Fishing seasons often are set around periods when breeding adults congregate in a specific location, which also puts undue pressure on fish during an important period of their lives.

Fishing season dates should reflect the biology of fish, recognize the importance of timing, and be responsive to changes, the authors say. The goal of management, in addition to making sure enough fish spawn, should be ensuring those that do reflect the diversity of the total population. This, the researchers said, is key for giving salmon and other fish the best chance to adapt in a changing world.

They hope other scientists and fisheries managers will apply these findings to their own data and respective fish populations, and ultimately devise fishing regulations that will be viable for the future.

Yes, the best time of day to fly fish depends on time of year, weather, water conditions, and the unique characteristics of each local stream or river. The best way to determine the best time to fly fish a particular stream or river on this day under these conditions is to gather intel from a local fly shop or from some successful anglers.

For nymphs and streamers, early morning typically works well all the time. This is a no-brainer on the Lower Madison River in Montana during the dog days of summer. By mid to late morning, the river temperature creeps into the high 60s, and fighting a fish under such conditions can be lethal (for the fish).

I have to add to your comments.

The best time of the day to fly fish is when you can get the time to fly fish!

I stand by my comment and defy anyone to disagree.

Those of us with a leisure time deficiency will stand by me shoulder to shoulder on this one.

Love your stories. ?

The quest was recently changed to be easier to do, with only two of any blue grade fish being required. So I thought I'd give it another go. I'm master 3 fishing and using a +4 silver fishing clothes, +10 ash tree float and I used up an entire triple float rod today without catching a single blue grade fish.

The main bulk of our winter fishing is done subsurface with nymphs. This is when Euro-nymphing is king and long leaders and jig style flies shine. Winter is also the time of year when you can find solitude. Not many people travel to Montana in the winter to fish and not as many locals are out on the rivers.

A streamer is another great way to target the big fish of the spring. Once the water warms up in early to middle of April some of our biggest fish will concentrate on big meals. The high water of late April through early May can be really good for fly fishing Montana.

As the summer continues on into late July some of our Montana rivers see a Spruce Moth hatch that can get the fish in a frenzy. This is a morning hatch where spruce moths come out of the trees and come to the water. These are terrestrials so the fish once they hit the water crush them. In August, we start to see the rivers get low and clear as well as warm from the heat of the day. We mainly fish in the early mornings to early afternoons at this point in the summer. This is Hopper, Ant, and Beetle time. A big foam hopper with a dropper becomes the norm.

Ecological theory suggests that large-scale patterns such as community stability can be influenced by changes in interspecific interactions that arise from the behavioural and/or physiological responses of individual species varying over time. Although this theory has experimental support, evidence from natural ecosystems is lacking owing to the challenges of tracking rapid changes in interspecific interactions (known to occur on timescales much shorter than a generation time) and then identifying the effect of such changes on large-scale community dynamics. Here, using tools for analysing nonlinear time series and a 12-year-long dataset of fortnightly collected observations on a natural marine fish community in Maizuru Bay, Japan, we show that short-term changes in interaction networks influence overall community dynamics. Among the 15 dominant species, we identify 14 interspecific interactions to construct a dynamic interaction network. We show that the strengths, and even types, of interactions change with time; we also develop a time-varying stability measure based on local Lyapunov stability for attractor dynamics in non-equilibrium nonlinear systems. We use this dynamic stability measure to examine the link between the time-varying interaction network and community stability. We find seasonal patterns in dynamic stability for this fish community that broadly support expectations of current ecological theory. Specifically, the dominance of weak interactions and higher species diversity during summer months are associated with higher dynamic stability and smaller population fluctuations. We suggest that interspecific interactions, community network structure and community stability are dynamic properties, and that linking fluctuating interaction networks to community-level dynamic properties is key to understanding the maintenance of ecological communities in nature.

REMINDER: During the open season, a California fishing license is required for persons 16 years and older. Grunion may be taken by hand only. No holes may be dug in the beach to entrap them. The daily bag and possession limit for grunion is 30 fish, effective June 1, 2022.

Anyone sixteen years old and older needs a valid California sport fishing license (including the ocean enhancement stamp) to catch grunion. You do not need a license to observe a run, but if you plan to interact with the fish in any way, even if you do not plan to keep any fish, you will need a license.

Grunion leave the water at night to spawn on beaches during the spring and summer months. For four consecutive nights, beginning on the nights of the full and new moons, spawning occurs after high tides and continues for several hours. As waves break on the beach, grunion swim as far up the slope as possible. The female arches her body and excavates the semi-fluid sand with her tail to create a nest. She twists her body and digs into the sand until she is half buried, with her head sticking up. She then deposits her eggs in the nest. Males curve around the female and release milt. The milt flows down the female's body until it reaches and fertilizes the eggs. As many as eight males may fertilize the eggs in a single nest. After spawning, the males immediately retreat toward the water while the female twists free and returns with the next wave. While spawning may only take 30 seconds, some fish remain stranded on the beach for several minutes.

Grunion food habits are not well known. They have no teeth, so they are presumed to feed on very small organisms. Shore birds, isopods, flies, sand worms, and beetles eat grunion eggs, while humans, larger fish, and other animals prey upon grunion.

Despite local concentrations, grunion are not abundant. The most critical problem facing the grunion resource is the loss of spawning habitat caused by beach erosion, harbor construction, and pollution. By the 1920s, the fishery was showing definite signs of depletion. A regulation was passed in 1927 establishing a closed season of three months, from April through June. The fishery improved, and in 1947 the closure was shortened to April through May. In 2022, the closure was again extended from April through June to better protect grunion during their peak spawning period, and a bag and possession limit of 30 fish was established.

During the open season, a fishing license is required for persons 16 years and older to capture grunion. Grunion may be taken by sport fishermen using hands only. No holes may be dug in the beach to entrap them. The daily bag and possession limit during the open season is currently 30 grunion.

Along Southern California's sandy beaches, from March through September, one of the most remarkable life cycles in the sea is completed: the California grunion come ashore to spawn. The grunion has been known to many Southern Californians for more than 100 years, but there are still those who are skeptical of its existence. To be invited out in the middle of the night to go and watch fish does sound a little ridiculous, but in reality this is the only way to observe this natural phenomenon.

California grunion are small, silvery fish found only along the coast of Southern California and northern Baja California. Most people would be unaware of their existence were it not for the unique spawning behavior of these fish. Unlike other fish, grunion come completely out of the water to lay their eggs in the wet sand of the beach. As if this behavior were not strange enough, grunion make these excursions only on particular nights, and with such regularity that the time of their arrival on the beach can be predicted a year in advance. This phenomenon can be seen on many beaches in Southern California. Shortly after high tide, on certain nights, sections of these beaches are sometimes covered with thousands of grunion depositing their eggs in the sand. e24fc04721