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Dhanpat Rai Srivastava
(31 July 1880 — 8 October 1936)
(31 July 1880 — 8 October 1936)
Dhanpat Rai Srivastava
(31 July 1880 — 8 October 1936)
Better known by his pen name " Munshi Premchand"
(31 July 1880 — 8 October 1936)
Better known by his pen name " Munshi Premchand"
was an Indian writer famous for his modern Hindustani literature. He is one of the most celebrated writers of the Indian subcontinent,[4] and is regarded as one of the foremost Hindi writers of the early twentieth century. His novels include Godaan, Karmabhoomi, Gaban, Mansarovar, Idgah. He published his first collection of five short stories in 1907 in a book called Soz-e Watan.
Novels
Novels
Hindi title Urdu title Publisher Date Length (pages) Description
Devasthan Asrar-e-Ma'abid Awaz-e-Khalk (serial form) 8 October 1903 116 English translation of the title:Rahasya February 1905 "The Mystery of God's Abode"English translation of the title: "The Mystery of God's Abode"
Prema
Hamkhurma-o-Ham Sawab
Indian Press/Hindustan Publishing House
1907
Amrit Rai overcomes social opposition to marry the young widow Poorna, giving up his rich and beautiful fiancé Prema. (Penned under the name "Babu Nawab Rai Banarsi")
Kishna
Medical Hall Press, Benares
1907
142
Now lost; satirises women's fondness for jewellery
Roothi Rani
Zamana (serial form)
April — August 1907
Soz-e-Watan
Publishers of Zamana
1907, 1909
Banned by the British Government in 1909
Vardaan
Jalwa-e-Isar
Granth Bhandar and Dhanju
1912
128
Vardan ("Boon") is about Pratap Cahndra and Brij Rani, two childhood neighbours who like each other. Brij marries another man and becomes a famous poet after being widowed. Her friend Madhvi starts liking Pratap after hearing about him from Brij. Pratap becomes a sadhu, and Madhvi becomes his devotee.
Bazaar-e-Husn
Calcutta Pustak Agency (Hindi)
1919 (Hindi); 1924 (Urdu)
280
An unhappy housewife first becomes a courtesan, and then manages an orphanage for the young daughters of the courtesans.
Premashram
Gosha-e-Afiyat
1922
Rangbhoomi
Chaugan-e-Hasti
Darul Ishaat (Urdu, 1935)
1924
English title: Playground.
Nirmala
Idaara-e-Furoogh-Urdu
1925
156
English title: The second wife. About the dowry system in India (serialised in the magazine Chand between November 1921 and November 1926, before being published as a novel)
Kaayakalp
Parda-i-Majaz
Lajpat Rai & Sons, Lahore (Urdu)
1926 (Hindi), 1934 (Urdu)
440
Pratigya
Bewa
1927
Deals with widow remarriage
Ghaban
Saraswati Press, Benares; Lajpatrai & Sons, Urdu Bazaar
1931
248
Maidan-e-Amal
Maktaba Jamia, Delhi
1932
340
Saraswati Press
1936
344
English title: The Gift of the Cow. Themed around the socio economic deprivation as well as the exploitation of the village poor.
Mangalsootra (incomplete)
Hindustan Publishing House
1936
Premchand completed only first four chapters (around 70 pages) of this novel.[52]
Short stories
Short stories
Several of Premchand's stories have been published in a number of collections, including the 8-volume Mansarovar (1900–1936). Some of his stories include:
Title
Publisher
Date
Description
Lekhak (Hindi)
Adeeb Ki Izat (Urdu)
A story of writer who wanted respect and recognition of his work but later realised that he is a candle which will have to burn giving light to others.
Duniya ka Sabse Anmol Ratan
Zamana
1907
The title means "The Most Precious Jewel in the World", which according to the story, is the drop of the blood necessary for the nation's independence
Bade Bhai Sahab
Zamana
1910 (December)
A story of two brothers, their conflict, resolution and understanding
Beti ka Dhan
Zamana
1915 (November)
Saut
Sarasvati (Vol. 16, Part 2, No. 6, 353–359)
1915 (December)
The title means "co-wife".
Sajjanata ka dand
Sarasvati
1916 (March)
The title means "The Penalty for Integrity".
Panch Parameshvar
Sarasvati
1916 (June)
A friendship is marred when one friend delivers a verdict against the other. The story narrates how they reunite as friends.
Ishwariya Nyaya
Sarasvati
1917 (July)
The title means "The Divine Law"
Beton Wali Vidhwa
Sarasvati
1920 (July)
Durga ka Mandir
Sarasvati
1917 (December)
The title means "The Temple of Durga".
Maa
Sarasvati
1921 (November)
The title means "Mother"
Ghar Jamai
Sarasvati
1933 (June)
Dhikkar
Sarasvati
1925 (May)
Dil ki Rani
Sarasvati
1926 (December)
Gulli Danda
Sarasvati
1925 (May)
Updesh
1917
Meri Pahli Rachna
Sarasvati
1930 (May)
Lanchan
Sarasvati
1929 (May)
Manovratti
Sarasvati
1932 (May)
Balidan
Sarasvati
1918 (May)
The title means "Sacrifice".
Putra Prem
Sarasvati
1920 (July)
The title means "Love of a Son".
Boodhi Kaki (The Old Aunt)
Hans
1921
An old woman craves for love from her family.
Pariksha
Chand
1923 (January)
The title means "The Test". Its background is the Nadir Shah's invasion and sack of Delhi.
Shatranj ke khiladi (Hindi)
Shatranj ki bazi (Urdu)
Madhuri
October 1924
Two aristocrats – Mirza Sajjad Ali and Mir Roshan Ali — live in the kingdom of Awadh during the times of the British Raj. Both of them are careless towards their duties and spend their days playing chess. Their love for the game is so immense that even when the ruler of Awadh, Wajid Ali Shah, is captured by the British they continue playing chess. In the end, a move in the game sparks a verbal conflict between them and they end up killing each other with their swords.
Hinsa Parmo Dharma
Madhuri
1926 (December)
Ghasvali
Madhuri
1929 (December)
Chand
1933 (August)
A poor boy in India lives with his grandmother. On the festival day of Eid, the other kids buy themselves candies and toys. The poor boy, thinking of his grandmother, buys a pair of tongs to help her make rotis, since she burns her hands trying to cook them bare-handed.
Nashaa
Chand
1934 (February)
Two friends from different strata of society study away from their homes. The story explores class disparity and aspirations in their friendship. It has an autobiographical touch.
Kafan
Jamia
1936
A low-caste father and his son are poor labourers in a village. An emergency occurs when the son's wife dies while giving birth to a child and the family has no money to cremate the body of the dead woman. The lazy duo ask for money from the village zamindar and other members of the society. However, they use the money they get on liquor and food instead.
Cricket Match
Zamana
1937
Published posthumously
Gupt Dhan
Haridas, a man of character, owns a brick factory. He loses his character when he gets a map of a hereditary treasure of a worker, but eventually dies as a punishment of god.
Mantra
The selfishness of a rich doctor named Chaddha results in the death of a patient. The same patient's father selflessly cures Dr. Chaddha's son, when the doctor meets the same sort of situation.
Namak Ka Daroga
1925 (May)
The title means 'The Salt Inspector'. An idealist becomes a police officer, and faces problems while performing his duties.
Poos ki raat[53]
Madhuri
1930 (May)
The title means "A night of the Poos month (Winter)". A poor farmer stays out with his dog to protect his field on an extremely cold December night.
Zamana
It is a story of an Indian family in which every member bought a ticket of a 1 million rupees worth lottery. After some time they began to fight over that what would they do if anyone win the lottery but at last neither from their home even town, state or country win the lottery but someone from America.
"Vidhwans"
The title means " Catastrophe". An old widow with no children is engulfed in a fire caused by the owner of the village intentionally and therefore, the pandit pays for the price.
"Kazaki"
A story of love, adore and friendship between a little boy and kazaki, a poor but cheerful and jolly man used to work under his father.
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