E𝑙 𝐷𝑖́𝑎 𝑁𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑀𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑦 𝑙𝑎 𝐽𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑖́𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑣𝑖́𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑢́𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟, 𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎 «𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜́𝑛 𝑁𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙», 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑝𝑜́ 𝑒𝑙 𝑔𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑙 24 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑧𝑜 𝑑𝑒 1976 𝑦 𝑒𝑙 10 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 1983.

𝐿𝑎 𝑓𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑛̃𝑜 2002 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑒𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑁𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜́𝑛 25.633, 𝑐𝑢𝑦𝑜 𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖́𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 1º 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑒: “𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢́𝑦𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑙 24 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑧𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝐷𝑖́𝑎 𝑁𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑀𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑦 𝑙𝑎 𝐽𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜́𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑖́𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑎 𝑓𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑛̃𝑜 1976. 

𝐸𝑙 2 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑙 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝐷𝑖́𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑉𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑜 𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝐶𝑎𝑖́𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝐺𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑠, 𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 1982, 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑠, 𝑜𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑜 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑒 1833. 𝐿𝑎 𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑛𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜́ 𝑎 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑖́𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 74 𝑑𝑖́𝑎𝑠 𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑗𝑜́ 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑎.

𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑓𝑒cℎ𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎 𝑎 ℎ𝑜𝑛𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑦 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑟 𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑖́𝑑𝑜𝑠, 𝑎𝑠𝑖́ 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑖́𝑎, 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑦 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑧. 

𝐻𝑜𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖́𝑛 𝑀𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝐺𝑢̈𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑠, 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑛̃𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑜́ 𝑢𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑖́𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎. 𝑆𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠, 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜́𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐽𝑜𝑠𝑒́ 𝑑𝑒 𝑆𝑎𝑛 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖́𝑛, 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑠 𝐴𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒́𝑥𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛̃𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑎. 

𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑖́𝑎 𝑠𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑛𝑟𝑎 𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑁𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝐵𝑒𝑙𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑜, 𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 20 𝑑𝑒 𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 1820 𝑒𝑛 𝐵𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝐴𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑜́ 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑. 𝐿𝑎 𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑙 27 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 1812, 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑅𝑖́𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑎.

𝐴𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎́𝑠, 𝐵𝑒𝑙𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑜 𝑓𝑢𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑎́𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑠, 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑜 𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙, 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝐸𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜́𝑛 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟, 𝑙𝑎 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑁𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑦 𝑙𝑎 𝐽𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑆𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙, 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑠. 𝐿𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑙𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑎́𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜.

𝐿𝑎 𝑓𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝐿𝑒𝑦 𝑁º 12.361 𝑑𝑒𝑙 8 𝑑𝑒 𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 1938, 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜́𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜, 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑁𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜́𝑛 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑎, 𝑅𝑜𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑀. 𝑂𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑧.

𝐴 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑛̃𝑜 2011, 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 𝑁𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙, 𝑑𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑜 𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒.

𝐸𝑙 9 𝑑𝑒 𝑗𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 1816, 𝑒𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑇𝑢𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑎́𝑛, 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑅𝑖́𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑜́ 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑖́𝑠.

𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜́𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎, 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑜́ 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑦𝑜 𝑑𝑒 1810, 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜́ 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑖́𝑛𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖́𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛̃𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑦, 𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜, 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜́𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑒𝑟𝑎.

𝐸𝑛 𝑢𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑣𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 ℎ𝑜𝑛𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜́𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎, 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖́𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑖́𝑠, 𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑦𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑢́𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑎.