HTML5 is the latest version of HyperText Markup Language, used for structuring web content. It introduces new elements, like <video>, <audio>, and <canvas>, enhancing multimedia and interactive capabilities. With improved semantics and support for modern web standards, HTML5 enables responsive, cross-platform web applications, reducing dependency on plugins like Flash. 

Bootstrap is a popular open-source CSS framework for developing responsive, mobile-first web projects. It includes pre-designed components, like buttons, forms, and navigation bars, along with a flexible grid system. Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins and customizable themes simplify development, enabling developers to quickly create consistent, modern, and visually appealing websites and applications. 

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standard network protocol used for transferring files between a client and a server over the internet. It supports uploading and downloading files, often requiring authentication. FTP clients facilitate managing remote files, commonly used for website maintenance, data transfers, and file sharing across networks.