1. Improve the quality of life of arrhythmia patients and cardiac arrest survivors.

2. Promote a environmentally sustainable, patient-centred ICD design.

1. Improve the accuracy of ICDs to prevent unintended impulse delivery due to random artefacts detection.

2. Improve the safety of ICDs by reducing risks of lead fracture and circumventing need for subsequent surgical intervention

3. Improve environmental sustainability by championing next generationof chargeable ICDs

4. Improve the quality of life of younger and athlete patients by reducing physical activity hinderances through miniaturisation of ICDs

In the design of our new generation of modified ICDs, our group compared the current generation of intravenous and subcutaneous ICDs. We carried out a thorough evaluation of these following areas:

1. Placement - Implantation of ICD

2. Functionality - Device and Patient Compatibility

3. Risks - Surgical Interventions and Infection-related

4. Design - Battery Life and Lifespan

5. Limitations - Areas for Improvement 

Summary of other Challenges

Creating the next generation of ICDs  is challenging. The proliferation of our this next generation of ICD is subjected to multiple regulations in different countries for even initiating  its research and manufacturing thereafter.

1. Research 

• Research and screening of multiple biomaterials must be conducted suitable for the manufacturing of the next-gen ICD leads. Further testing of the durability and biocompatibility of new materials have  to be conducted.

• Research on the inclusion of biosensors and the miniaturisation of both the biosensors and the device prototype itself have to be studied.

2. Cost

• Research, acquisition and proliferation of biomaterials for lead have to be done which will incur a hefty cost.

3. Regulations

• Countries with stricter regulations and safety protocols may take years before allowing the first implantation of the next-gen ICD.

4. Manufacturing

• New factories and technology have to be built and implemented in order to manufacture next-gen ICDs.

5. Acceptance

• It will take time to educate doctors and healthcare affiliates on the implantation, benefits and risks of the next-gen ICD.

• Private doctors may be skeptical of executing surgical operations to patients to implant next-gen ICD due to it being a new technology to avoid conflicts.

• Patients may be scared to undergo surgery regarding implantation of next-gen ICDs. This will require nation-wide education to increase public acceptance of this new technology.