Before we build, we need to know our tools and technology. To effectively utilize Artificial Intelligence (AI) in teaching and learning mathematics, you and your students need to know when to use a calculator and when to collaborate creatively with AI tools.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the broad, umbrella term for any software that can mimic human intelligence—such as learning, problem-solving, or decision-making.
Think of it as the entire subject (like "mathematics"). It's a huge field, not a single tool.
We actually use AI every day — often without realizing it.
When YouTube recommends the next math tutorial you might like, or when Facebook suggests a new friend, that’s AI working in the background.
You might have also heard terms like machine learning, neural networks, deep learning, reinforcement learning, generative AI, or large language models.
These are not different from AI, but rather specific types or methods of AI — each one representing a way computers learn and make decisions.
For years, we have utilized a common type of AI known as Predictive AI. Predictive AI utilizes data on past behaviors to identify patterns and forecast potential future outcomes.
Predictive AI refers to a type of artificial intelligence that examines past data or behaviors to estimate what could happen next.
It examines trends — such as an increasing or decreasing line on a graph — and uses those trends to make informed forecasts about the future.
For example, when Netflix recommends a new movie based on what you’ve watched before, that’s predictive AI. When Gmail or Outlook automatically filters spam emails, that is also an example of predictive AI in action.
While Predictive AI utilizes data to forecast potential outcomes, generative AI learns patterns from data to produce something entirely new — such as writing text, drawing an image, composing music, or even generating computer code.
It predicts the next most likely word in a sentence. This makes it incredibly creative, but it also means it is probabilistic—it can be confidently wrong, especially with complex math! It doesn't "know" math; it knows what the language of math looks like.
Examples include ChatGPT, Google Gemini, Claude, and Perplexity, among others.
Generative AI systems are trained on massive amounts of data — books, websites, images, code, and more. From this data, they learn the patterns and structures of language, visuals, and ideas.
When you give a prompt or question, the AI predicts the next best words, pixels, or notes, combining them in a logical way to create new content that feels human-made.
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Want to learn more?
Watch a video on generative AI by Google
Watch: How does artificial intelligence learn? by Ted-Ed
Take a free online course: Get Started with Google AI in K12 Education by Google
Take a free online course: Generative AI for Educators with Gemini by Google
Complete AI for Educators learning path by Microsoft