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In order to generate heat by the compression of a gas, heat pumps (which we shall refer to as "PdC" from now on) utilize a compressor, a condenser, a "lamination valve," and an evaporator. Heat pumps are typically electric devices. Without getting too scientific, the basic working concept is that a gas is compressed by a compressor, and the resulting rise in pressure causes heat to be produced. In contrast, refrigeration is produced when the previously compressed gas expands. Therefore, in addition to producing heat using electricity, the same mechanism and gadget are also used to cool rooms, albeit with a reversed process.
It is an electrical device that, unlike conventional boilers, is regarded to be "energy-saving" because, in order to generate heat, it makes use of part of the heat energy that is naturally available in the air (or water) being utilized. The heat pump uses energy to power the compressor but does not burn any gas or other materials. Additionally, using electricity has the benefit that it may be generated from a renewable resource. The ability to use self-generated electricity makes the heat pump a good choice for efficiency, energy savings, and, most significantly, cost reductions in a household or commercial context when the power is generated by photovoltaics.
use of a heat pump in the house
use of a heat pump in the house
It follows that individuals who already own a PV system would gain the most from employing these gadgets.
PdCs are starting to spread steadily in the thermo-technical industry, are eligible for a 65% tax break, and are increasingly offered alongside photovoltaics precisely because of the opportunity to benefit from power generated on-site.
A full solution—or, as we would say, "a solid investment"—for air-conditioning rooms while optimizing the use of self-generated energy and lowering utility costs is the "photovoltaic plus heat pump" package. Additionally, the Aeeg (Authority for Electricity and Gas) is testing electric tariffs to make it easier to utilize heat pumps for residential heating. This is the D1 experimental tariff (precursor to the reform of electric tariff).
The benefits of heat pumps in full
The benefits of heat pumps in full
As we previously stated, the market for sustainable buildings is starting to adopt these technologies due to their many benefits. Here's a quick list:
Although, of course, the energy balance depends on how the electricity used to run it is produced, PdC results in savings of up to 4 times when compared to traditional electric heating and up to 3 times when compared to natural gas. PdC also results in a reduction of local pollutant gas emissions of more than 60%. The payback period from the investment is typically 5 to 6 years, taking into account the full cost of installation and the fact that the same device is used (and thus amortized).
Therefore, the use of heat pumps is not seasonal but appropriate throughout the year. The pdc can be used in conjunction with any other boiler and can be integrated with existing systems. The costs are 65% deductible over a ten-year period, and the pdc requires a lower initial investment than a solar thermal system installation.
How many different kinds of heat pumps exist?
How many different kinds of heat pumps exist?
The different types of heat pumps are five. Each of these processes transfers heat energy from one element to another by making use of the energy source already existing in the air, water, or soil.
These heat pumps are:
air-water,\sair-to-air,\swater-water,\swater-to-air,\searth-water.
Let's take a quick look at each one separately.
System for air-water PdC air-water heating
System for air-water PdC air-water heating
System for domestic air-and-water heating and cooling.
This is a hydraulic heating or domestic hot water (DHW) system. Even at extremely freezing conditions, the heat pump is able to draw heat (energy) from the outside air (down to minus 20 degrees Celsius). By utilizing the compression of "technical gas" by the pump's compressor, the air drawn in from the outside is warmed. When a storage tank, the tank that provides household hot water or water for hydraulic heating, is compressed, heat is produced and discharged inside the tank.
Typically, the air-water system comprises of a heat pump connected to the boiler (with volume typically 2 or 3 hundred liters). The boiler is outfitted with an effective insulation system (often polyurethane foam) to better collect and store the heat produced by the compression of the "technical gas," and the circuit typically utilizes a "rotary" compressor to ensure optimal efficiency. The household heat pump uses roughly 1 kilowatt of power, although obviously, this varies depending on where it is used.
The device may optionally be fitted with an additional electric heater that utilizes the traditional electric resistance and consumes around 1.5 kw of electricity. Usually, an electric heater is included into the kettle as part of this additional system to guarantee that the water heats up quickly.
PdC air-to-air air-to-air heat pump
PdC air-to-air air-to-air heat pump
The traditional air conditioner with an inside "split" and an exterior "motor" is the air-to-air heat pump.
Given its ease of installation, air-to-air heat pumps are the most common and well-known. They are, to be clear, what we refer to as the traditional "splits" of house air conditioners. The "air conditioners" themselves create warm air in the winter in addition to chilly air in the summer. They have heat exchangers, air filtration and dehumidification systems, and they use air as their heat source. This sort of technology is less effective in cold weather than earlier ones, and they could need an external defrosting device to prevent ice development.
Two or more units make up air-to-air pumps: one outside and one or more within the structure. The compressor, heat exchanger, and fan for air exchange are located outside. On the other hand, inside, there are the traditional "splits," little fans, and the system for distributing air to all of the building's rooms. The pipe that connects the heating or cooling "fluid-vector" to the indoor and outdoor components.
The air-to-air system uses heated air, which is advantageous in terms of energy usage. However, it must be coupled with suitable air exchange systems and heat exchangers, which, albeit little, are nonetheless "electricity consumers."
Water to water heat pumps
Water to water heat pumps
Circuit of a water-water heat pump
Circuit of a water-to-water heat pump system.
The underlying operating concept has not changed. However, they recover heat from groundwater to be utilized for heating or producing domestic hot water instead of using outside air as a heat source. In reality, groundwater maintains a constant temperature of 7 to 12 degrees Celsius even in the dead of winter. Thus, groundwater-to-water heat pumps recover heat energy from the water itself.
To construct this kind of system, a professional in geology must analyze the stratigraphy of the soil surrounding the aquifer. Either an open circuit or a closed circuit water-water system is possible. In the first instance, water is taken out of the aquifer, "used" to recover heat, and then put back in. In contrast, a carrier fluid is employed in the second situation, which involves submerging a probe into the aquifer. This fluid recovers heat from the groundwater and transports it to the pump at the surface.
The circuit evaporator is where the warmed water is transported before it releases its heat. The circuit gas in this kind of system is also heated or cooled using a compressor and an evaporator/condenser. In actuality, the gas is compressed and released in a circuit to provide heat or refrigeration. Water may be heated to temperatures above 65 degrees Celsius thanks to high-temperature heat pumps. Because of this, they are appropriate solutions that work well with traditional radiator-based heating systems (the classic heaters).
The circuit evaporator is where the warmed water is transported before it releases its heat. The circuit gas in this kind of system is also heated or cooled using a compressor and an evaporator/condenser. In actuality, the gas is compressed and released in a circuit to provide heat or refrigeration. Water may be heated to temperatures above 65 degrees Celsius thanks to high-temperature heat pumps. Because of this, they are appropriate solutions that work well with traditional radiator-based heating systems (the classic heaters).
The subsurface often has a steady, higher temperature than that found on the surface during the winter, and the ground-water heat pump draws "warmth" from this source. Following the same mode of operation as before, "pre-heated" air from the subsurface, from which the heat pump extracts further heat, is utilized to heat "the carrier element," as opposed to air that is taken straight from the outside. It is far more effective to "extract" heat from air that is already "warm." The heat that is taken from the groundwater system is utilized to provide household hot water as well as heat for hydraulic heating.
In the end, they are geothermal systems that use the groundwater or subsurface as the initial heat source to improve the efficiency of room air conditioning or household hot water heating.
Probes can be put up to 60 feet beneath the surface or as deep as five feet, covering a large region. The heat generation is more effective the deeper the probe is inserted.
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