Foreword: We've broken our build process into ten major steps, however there are two endeavors that deserve their own tab: Electrical and Plumbing. You can find more information about these topics using the drop-down in the top right corner or clicking below.
Step 1: Plan and Design
It's important to understand that the van life is not for everyone. You're in a very small space where you think you're done building some part of it, but there is always maintenance to do, things to improve, or safety measures to worry about. It takes some major adjustments in several regards, for example bathroom availability. We used a subscription to Planet Fitness to provide 24 hr access to showers, bathrooms, as well as a gym since it was one of the more prevalent establishments across the country. It is also important to understand budgetary requirements to build the van itself. You have to make smart buys and keep track of them throughout the whole process (Excel is helpful for this). To aid with this, we went through hundreds of different design plans over the course of 2.5 years. Most of them were simply on paper or waved across the air with our hands, but a lot were built in SolidWorks as well. SolidWorks is a really helpful software that allows you to virtually build everything from the ground up and check if all your moving parts make physical sense and/or fit. Unfortunately, we had to wipe the computer containing these files a few months ago. Instead, on the right is an example of the outer schematic of the high-roof van size we were working with.
Step 2: Maintenance and Cleaning
The particular Sprinter van we purchased was from a Laundry system distribution company. They made sure the van would run while on the job, but that was about the extent. So, the first job for us was to fix up anything under the hood that wasn't in great condition (couldn't have our whole house breaking down in the middle of nowhere). Next, we had to clear out all the wood shelving the laundry company was originally using and salvage any of the materials that were usable. The next step took a few days: deep-cleaning. If we were gonna be living in a metal box we had to make sure it didn't smell and that there was as little grime as possible to start with. Shouts out to Goo-Gone for really being the VIP on this one. In one of our photos to the left you might notice a yellow construction hat on the dash. We were going for a stealth camper look for our build, meaning we didn't want anyone to know we were living in it. This was mainly for both safety and legal purposes, since not every state (or even city) has the same regulations for vehicle inhabitance.
Step 3: Insulation (Thermal & Sound)
Once the foundation was clean and in working condition, it was then time for insulation. We started with applying sound deadening mats from Walmart that just stick directly onto the sides of a vehicle (shown in the videos below). We made sure to also fully cover the wheel wells as these produce the most noise pollution within the van. We were also able to save a bit of these mats for the future installation of our heater pump, but we'll get to that later. Next, we used sealant to fill in the rain holes under our side trim, which is clearly a very important step as you don't want your walls to fill up with water! Then, we used Hi-Strength 3M (90) adhesive spray to apply ISO foam boards to the large surfaces and Thinsulate for the tighter areas like within the mounting channels or beneath the headliner.
Step 4: Flooring
Now it was time for the floors. Luckily, our van had the factory wood floors still in the vehicle upon purchase, so we were able to use these as templates for cutting two layers of 0.25" baltic birch and an insulating layer of MLV (mass-loaded vinyl). Marine adhesive was used to then glue the initial layer of wood directly onto the metal floor. We used this same adhesive in between each layer of wood and MLV. MLV's main purpose is for noise insulation, but also acts as a decent thermal insulator. This is really important since the floors of vehicles tend to get cold from being so close to the ground. Unfortunately, our floors were still cold most of the time. The only great solution for this is to install radiant heating. These systems can be very pricey and tricky to install, so it just wasn't a reasonable alternative for our first-time-van-by-broke-students-in-a-pandemic build. After the birch and MLV were in place, we then carefully and painfully glued the vinyl flooring on top of it. Heavy duty staples also helped here. Once this was settled we "drew" out our layout with painter's tape then drilled two through-holes into the floor for both the diesel heater lines and the grey water dump outlet.
Step 5: Roof
On our roof we only planned on having one MaxxAir fan and two solar panels (but left room for one more if we wanted another addition in the future). These components really depend on the van dwellers themselves. Some people like to have an AC unit or multiple fans. Some like to have the whole roof covered in solar panels, while others prefer a rollout or none at all. For our build, we calculated the necessary charge we would need for our battery and determined two was enough. We also installed a DC-to-DC charger so if we were ever low on battery (like when both of us were gaming) we could just turn the car on for a bit. See the Electrical & Plumbing tab for more information on all of that. As for the mounting of the solar panels, we attached them to 80-20 1" x 1" rails using the specially made 80-20 drop-in nuts. We also used marine-grade sealant to fill in the gaps surrounding where we had drilled into the roof of the van. Next, CJ slowly cut out a hole in the van's roof to perfectly fit the MaxxAir fan. Once this was in place, we finished up insulation by sticking more ISO boards to the interior ceiling.
Step 6: Wiring, Foundation, & Ceiling
The next step is a bulky one. We spent a lot of time here because the walls of the Mercedes Sprinter are not 90º. Instead they are curved and taper towards the ceiling. If you've ever watched a van life YouTuber, one of the things you'll learn about is the cardboard technique. Basically, this method is just using pieces of cardboard and a pen to get the shape of whatever surface you're trying to match. You can use these templates to then cut out wooden panels and in theory it should fit near perfect. But that's almost never the case... although it does get you in the ballpark! Before any or this, we first planned out where we would need outlets and wires throughout the van. Next, we installed a swivel seat for the passenger and screwed in some furring strips to the side walls so that we could freely mount anything without drilling into the van's sheet metal. It was here, that we then used the cardboard method to make partitions for our future bed, the partition between the garage space and the kitchen, a shelf above the driver/passenger seats, and the ceiling itself. For the ceiling, we decided to use LED strips for lightning and drew them lengthwise along the van to create a longer sense of space. This is also why we chose to keep the interior bright, especially because there are no side windows in this van.
Step 7: Murphy Bed
To effectively save space and make room for our bikes, snowboards, hiking gear, etc. in the garage, we decided to have a full-sized Murphy bed. We first built the frame using 80-20 aluminum rails and 0.25" baltic birch slats. Again, we had to use the 80-20 drop-in nits to screw the two components together. We bought Murphy mounts from Amazon and mounted them to the two partitions between the future kitchen space and the main cabin. Then we attached a painted board of baltic birch to the back of the frame, covering the slats and offering a good back rest while sitting on the bench below. Later we would add two IKEA table leg mounts to the top corners of the frame to support us both while the bed was pulled down. These particular legs were height-adjustable and would allow us to level the bed itself if we were ever parked on a hill or uneven surface. Note, the bench seats were also used as three storage units. The far left space was used to contain our emergency toilet bucket, but we never had an issue finding public restrooms to use instead.
Step 8: Kitchen Space (Version 1)
As I talk about this next part of the process, keep in mind that we did not do this correctly. I've added "Version 1" to the title because later down the road we entirely redo this section of our home. The biggest thing I wish I had known at the time is that when you're constructing shelves or surfaces like this in a curved, un-level area, you have to build the frame outside of the van. That way everything can be 90º and thus your cabinet doors will function properly. For this kitchen build we were rushed for time and ended up skipping this step completely. It costed us in the end because none of the cabinet doors were square, they couldn't open without scrapping something, and space behind the cabinets were not utilized effectively at all. I would also not recommend the stick-on backsplash we used here as it started peeling off the walls due to moisture not long after application. I will admit it all looks nice in photos, but functionality is more important in any case.
Step 9: Garage
Once the partition was in place between the garage and the kitchen space, it was simply a matter a covering the wood with some water-proof, easy-to-clean vinyl mats and screw in the mounts that would hold the gear for our many outdoor activities. It was here that we also chose to install our water filtration system and white water inlet as it would be an easy access point for filling (See Electrical & Plumbing tab for more details). This is also where our outdoor shower would be installed, as well as the diesel supply for our heating system. Previously, I had mentioned that we saved some noise deadening mats for the heater pump. These heater pumps are loud and annoying unless you put them in a wooden box completely covered inside and out with these insulating mats. Even then we could still hear the tick tick sounds, but it was faint and weirdly soothing compared to other builds with the same pump.
Step 10: Kitchen Space (Version 2)
After a month or two of living in the van with cabinets that did not work properly, we decided to redo the whole thing. This time, we built a frame with 1" x 2" pine outside of the van so the corners could be 90º. We also decided to shrink the counter-space and add a small closet next to some updated shelving. We built a couple drawers as well. One of which had a secondary pull-out mechanism to extend the counter a little. The cabinet faces were hand-routed and stained (although our stain choice turned out to be more orange than we hoped). All the cabinets were equipped with magnetic locks as to not open while driving. Even the cabinets without handles were mounted with magnets to offer easy access under the sink, in case of leaks or maintenance, and to allow reach of the grey-water dump switch. This is also when we decided to build a magnetic, hinged air filtration system in front of our fan since at the time wildfires were rampant across the west coast.
Final Product!
It took us approximately 3 months of full-time work to build the van and make it livable. We spent around $21k total to buy and convert the vehicle, but saved a lot on not paying rent. We got to travel the country in a completely new, cheap, and easy way, all while attending university remotely. Both CJ and Brooke learned valuable life skills including woodworking, electrical engineering, plumbing, power tools, and design. We've cherished every moment (good and bad) and hope to continue our experience building tiny homes in the upcoming future!
We would like to thank our very patient families for always letting us use their drive ways and dirty up their garage spaces. Thank you for also housing, advising, and feeding us during these times of construction and homelessness. We love you Inyoung, Chris, Cindy, and Mitch! <3
As of now the van has been sold to a lovely couple to whom we hope for the best experience with our van as we have had with it!