Mahabhasya Pradipa
Kaiyata, 11th century
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According to Paul Thieme, the oldest proof of Backgammon in India is a verse of Kaiyata's commentary about Mahabhasya written by the grammarian Kashmirian Patanjali.
ससहायस्य सारस्य परैर्नाक्रम्यते पदम् ।
असहायस्तु सारेण परकीयेण बाध्यते ॥
sasahāyasya śārasya parair nākramyate padam
asahāyas tu śāreṇa parakīyeṇa bādhyate
The place of a piece that has a companion is not entered by adversaries
A stone that has no companion, however, is ousted by an adverse stone
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