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What is hypothesis?
What is hypothesis?
A statement that shows a relationship between two or more variables in testable form.
A statement or explanation that is suggested by knowledge or observation but has not, yet, been proved or disproved.
A problem cannot be scientifically solved unless it is reduced to hypothesis form.
Research hypotheses should be developed based on research questions &/or research framework.
Hypotheses should be supported by literature (e.g., previous studies, theories, etc.).
Nature of Research Hypotheses
Nature of Research Hypotheses
Testable – verifiable or falsifiable
Not moral or ethical questions
Neither too specific nor too general
A prediction of consequences
Valuable even if proven false
Directional Hypothesis
Directional Hypothesis
Direction is stated.
Predicts the nature of the effect of IV on DV (positive or negative).
Examples:
Examples:
Adults will correctly recall more words than children.
Women are more motivated than men.
The greater the stress experienced in the job, the lower the job satisfaction of employees.
Non-directional Hypothesis
Non-directional Hypothesis
States there will be a difference, but we don’t know the direction of the differences will be.
Predicts that IV affects DV, but the direction of the effect is not specified.
Examples:
Examples:
The life expectancy of a bulb is more or less than 600 hours.
There is a difference between the work ethic values of American & Asian.
There is a significant relationship between age & job satisfaction.
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