When presenting and explaining data charts, graphs, and diagrams, you should help people understand and memorize their main points. Diagrams and other visuals are excellent tools for describing trends or showing relationships between two or more items.
From there, you can describe the key variables that make up the graph. Graphs and charts typically have an x- and y-axis, which represent different variables. Describing these axes will help the audience understand how the graph displays data.
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When describing graphs, start by recognizing the main patterns, trends, or relationships they show. For example, if the chart clearly shows an increase in revenue over the past year, you should highlight that first.
This type of graph visualizes data as points on a grid connected with a line to represent trends, changes, or relationships between objects, numbers, dates, or other data. These lines show movement over time affected by the increase or decrease in the key factors.
Bar graphs transform the data into separate bars or columns. Generally, these visuals have categories on the x-axis and the numbers on the y-axis. This allows you to compare statistical data between different groups over time.
Here is another excellent example of writing about bar graphs prepared by the British Council as an answer to this exam question. You can also use the following vocabulary to talk about bar charts used in your presentation.
Although predominantly recognized as a graphic design tool, Canva also boasts a suite of features for creating graphs and charts. With its intuitive drag-and-drop interface, users can design custom charts without any design experience.
When creating charts for your presentations, keep them as simple as possible. Charts, graphs, and diagrams should explain themselves. Use the vocabulary in this article to describe your graphs and help your audience understand the importance of your data.
Having completed my post-graduation and money filling my pocket, one day I remember sitting down and talking about stock markets to my friend who is visually impaired. Browsing through various websites and trying to understand the graphs and then explaining it to my friend, it occurred to me how often we take graphs for granted. For us, it is usually very easy to quickly look at a graph and make complete sense out of it. Very often we forget that such graphs mean little or nothing to a person who is visually impaired. I thought to myself, if I would rely on graphs to understand the ups and downs happening in the stock market, how would my friend understand the same?
A second way to describe a graph is writing an alternate text (alt text). Alternate text conveys the information of a graph such as the title of the graph, the type of graph, the axes, and the trend of the graph which is read aloud by a screen reader. For the rest of the article, I will cover the broad idea of how graphs should be described using alternate text descriptions.
Graphs are visual representation of data which explains the relationship between any two variables. They are often used to explain complicated and huge data without using much of text. In order to create a graph, a certain amount of data needs to be generated in the form of surveys or experiments.
Understanding such complicated graphs poses a huge challenge for the visually impaired. The widely used method for this is relying on a screen reader to read aloud the text. At times, this can be quite difficult in case of complicated graphs and even 3D graphs. Broadly, alt text for any kind of graph should include the title of the graph, the type of graph, information regarding the X- and Y-axis, and the trend/information the graph is used to convey. A proper understanding of the data set and the purpose of the graph is a prerequisite for a person providing alternate text for graphs. For example,
Tip: As we can see, the graph is described completely in the content below the graph. So, in this image, we begin describing the X-axis and the Y-axis followed by the fruit that contains the highest protein levels to the fruit with the lowest protein levels.
Alternate text (Long description): Bar graph describing the protein concentrations in fruits. The X-axis shows the different fruits and the Y-axis shows the protein levels in grams ranging from 0 to 1.2 at an interval of 0.2 grams. The highest protein concentration was found in banana and the lowest protein concentration was found in apple.
Tip: In case of this graph, there is no additional text given the protein concentrations. We provide all the information available in the graph including protein concentration for each fruit.
Alternate text (Long description): Bar graph describing the protein concentrations in fruits. The X-axis shows the different fruits and the Y-axis shows the protein levels in grams ranging from 0 to 1.2 at an interval of 0.2 grams. Apple has 0.3 grams of protein content, banana has 1.1 grams of protein content, pear has 0.4 grams of protein content, orange has 0.9 grams of protein content, and strawberry has 0.7 grams of protein content.
Here, we are describing a line graph of the number of hours spent sleeping. We begin describing the X-axis and the Y-axis followed by the trend of the graph. We can approach this in three possible ways depending on the context of graph.
Line graph describing the number of hours spent sleeping. The X-axis represents subjects and Y-axis represents time in hours at an interval of two hours. The graph shows a steady increase from Oliver to William and a gradual decrease from William to Sophie. The graph shows a steady increase from Sophie to Lissana with minor fluctuations. The graph ends with a steep decrease from Lissana to Wilson.
A line graph describing the number of hours spent sleeping. The X-axis represents subjects and Y-axis represents time in hours at an interval of two hours. The graph shows a steady increase till 5, followed by another steep increase till 8. The graph continues to increase steadily till 10 and forms a peak at 11. The graph shows a steep decrease till 6, followed by a steady increase till about 7. It continues to rise and forms a peak at 8, followed by a gradual decrease till 5. The graph shows a steady increase forming another peak at 10 followed by a steep decrease till about 5.
The Open Graph protocol enables any web page to become arich object in a social graph. For instance, this is used on Facebook to allowany web page to have the same functionality as any other object on Facebook.
While many different technologies and schemas exist and could be combinedtogether, there isn't a single technology which provides enough information torichly represent any web page within the social graph. The Open Graph protocolbuilds on these existing technologies and gives developers one thing toimplement. Developer simplicity is a key goal of the Open Graph protocol whichhas informed many of the technical design decisions.
To turn your web pages into graph objects, you need to add basic metadata toyour page. We've based the initial version of the protocol onRDFa which means that you'll placeadditional tags in the of your web page. The four requiredproperties for every page are:
The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a framework for representing information in the Web. This document defines an abstract syntax (a data model) which serves to link all RDF-based languages and specifications. The abstract syntax has two key data structures: RDF graphs are sets of subject-predicate-object triples, where the elements may be IRIs, blank nodes, or datatyped literals. They are used to express descriptions of resources. RDF datasets are used to organize collections of RDF graphs, and comprise a default graph and zero or more named graphs. RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax also introduces key concepts and terminology, and discusses datatyping and the handling of fragment identifiers in IRIs within RDF graphs.
This document is part of the RDF 1.1 document suite. It is the central RDF 1.1 specification and defines the core RDF concepts. A new concept in RDF 1.1 is the notion of an RDF dataset to represent multiple graphs. Test suites and implementation reports of a number of RDF 1.1 specifications that build on this document are available through the RDF 1.1 Test Cases document [RDF11-TESTCASES]. There have been no changes to this document since its publication as Proposed Recommendation.
The core structure of the abstract syntax is a set of triples, each consisting of a subject, a predicate and an object. A set of such triples is called an RDF graph. An RDF graph can be visualized as a node and directed-arc diagram, in which each triple is represented as a node-arc-node link.
Perhaps the most important characteristic of IRIs in web architecture is that they can be dereferenced, and hence serve as starting points for interactions with a remote server. This specification is not concerned with such interactions. It does not define an interaction model. It only treats IRIs as globally unique identifiers in a graph data model that describes resources. However, those interactions are critical to the concept of Linked Data [LINKED-DATA], which makes use of the RDF data model and serialization formats.
An RDF vocabulary is a collection of IRIs intended for use in RDF graphs. For example, the IRIs documented in [RDF11-SCHEMA] are the RDF Schema vocabulary. RDF Schema can itself be used to define and document additional RDF vocabularies. Some such vocabularies are mentioned in the Primer [RDF11-PRIMER].
We informally use the term RDF source to refer to a persistent yet mutable source or container of RDF graphs. An RDF source is a resource that may be said to have a state that can change over time. A snapshot of the state can be expressed as an RDF graph. For example, any web document that has an RDF-bearing representation may be considered an RDF source. Like all resources, RDF sources may be named with IRIs and therefore described in other RDF graphs. ff782bc1db
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