Bangladesh Economic Review 2022 Pdf Download _VERIFIED

Bangladesh has a strong track record of growth and development, even in times of elevated global uncertainty. A robust demographic dividend, strong ready-made garment (RMG) exports, resilient remittance inflows, and stable macroeconomic conditions have supported rapid economic growth over the past two decades.

Despite these gains, inequality has slightly narrowed in rural areas and widened in urban areas. The country did make a rapid recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic supported by prudent macroeconomic policies with estimated GDP growth of 6.0 percent in FY23. However, the economy faces considerable challenges with rising inflationary pressure, energy shortages, a balance-of-payments deficit, and a revenue shortfall. While the trade deficit narrowed in FY23, a contraction in financial account deficit resulted in a Balance of Payments (BoP) deficit and a decline in foreign exchange reserves.

Bangladesh Economic Review 2022 Pdf Download

Download Zip 🔥 https://fancli.com/2y7YT5 🔥

Real GDP growth is expected to slow in FY24 as ongoing import suppression measures disrupt economic activity. Growth is expected to re-accelerate over the medium term, as inflationary pressure eases, external conditions improve, and reform implementation gains momentum. Over the medium term, the balance of payments is projected to return to a surplus as financial inflows recover and remittance inflows rise, supported by strong demand for workers in the Gulf region.

In addition to $600 million financing to the health sector, the World Bank have committed over $3.3 billion for Bangladesh to help create quality jobs, improve water and sanitation services, develop skills, accelerate economic recovery, and build resilience to future crises, support reforms to create jobs and build economic resilience.

Despite the high population density, decreasing arable land, and frequent natural disasters, Bangladesh has made remarkable progress in achieving food security. Almost half of the population are employed in the agriculture sector. Agriculture has also been a key driver in poverty reduction in Bangladesh over the past two decades although the growth of sector has slowed down since 2011. The sector is highly vulnerable to climate change and is under pressure to cater to an increasing population and changing diets. There is potential to increase inclusive economic growth for millions of smallholders, women, youth, and educated entrepreneurs, particularly as value addition and diversification become more dominant.

To address the large working age population in low productivity jobs, the Bank is helping the Government improve access to services to enhance livelihoods of over 350,000 low-income urban youth and returning migrants through tailored economic inclusion programs. To promote similar economic inclusion opportunities for more vulnerable populations, the Bank is supporting innovations to several major cash transfer programs in the country aiming to reach 10,000 elderly, widows, and persons-with-disabilities.

Despite its resilience in the face of the Covid-19 crisis and its subsequent strong rebound, the prospects for the local economy are being dampened by the international context. In 2023, exports, which account for 12% of GDP, are likely to be affected by economic conditions in partner countries (particularly those of the European Union, which is its main export market) that have been dented by the war in Ukraine. In particular, clothing exports, which constitute 80% of total exports, will dip in line with softer external demand. Due to the country's high energy dependence and durably high energy prices, significant electricity shortages, coupled with rising input costs, will curb industrial production. In addition, the government's 50% fuel price increase in August 2022, high food prices and projected increases on electricity tariffs will continue to fuel rising inflation, which will weigh on domestic consumption. However, remittances (6.2% of GDP in 2021) will continue to support it, driven by an increase in demand for workers in Middle Eastern countries.

Although classified as a parliamentary democracy, Bangladesh has experienced several military coups since the War of Independence in 1971. Tensions run high between the centre-left Awami League (AL), in power since 2008, and the main centre-right opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), and also between their respective leaders, Sheikh Hasina and Begum Khaleda Zia. Following the 2018 elections which were described as rigged, the BNP had only seven parliamentarians out of 350, compared to 298 for the AL, before five resigned at the end of 2022. Despite its overwhelming parliamentary majority and popularity earned from its economic success, the AL still faces the risk of social unrest as a result of accusations of fraud, corruption and infringements of civil liberties. However, the LA has expressed its willingness to hold elections in early 2024 in a more transparent manner, with a new Electoral Commission tasked with organising fair elections. However, tensions between the AL and the BNP are not expected to cease. The latter has called for a caretaker government and refuses to allow elections to be held under an AL government, and has organised massive protest rallies in response. While the AL is associated with independence and espouses a rather secular ideology (albeit conveniently endorsing pledges to Islamist parties), the BNP is associated with a nationalist ideology, a traditional and strict conception of Islam, and is known for its past electoral violence. Consequently, their opposition continues to threaten frictions between Muslim majority and minority religious groups. Workers' strikes and terrorist attacks also remain a possibility.

The MHSS-1 addresses the following broad areas of concern to the rural adults and the elderly: the effect of socio-economic and behavioral factors on adult and elderly health status, and health care utilization; the linkages between adult/elderly well-being, social and kin network characteristics and resource flows; and the impact of community services and infrastructure on adult/elderly health and other human capital acquisition. This survey was funded by P01 Grant P01AG11952 from the National Institute on Aging and its principal investigator is Dr. Omar Rahman, M.D., D.Sc., Associate Professor of Epidemiology and Demography at the Harvard School of Public Health. The MHSS is a collaborative effort of RAND, the Harvard School of Public Health, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Colorado at Boulder, Brown University, Mitra and Associates and the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B).

The ultimate objective of this survey effort was to enter into the public domain a new and unique microlevel data set for research on aging. In particular, these data support in-depth analyses not possible with existing survey data on interrelated topics having to do with life-cycle investments in the physical, economic, and social well-being of adults and the elderly.

In 2018, the Pakistani and Bangladeshi population had a higher rate of unemployment (8%) and the highest rate of economic inactivity (38%). This may explain their higher likelihood of living in low income.

In light of its declining foreign exchange reserves, Bangladesh has sought IMF loans of US$4.5 billion. But to qualify for an IMF loan, Bangladesh must improve its governance and efficiency. From 26 October to 9 November 2022, an IMF team visited Bangladesh to discuss support and a comprehensive economic reform agenda. Key elements of the IMF loan programme to Bangladesh will include creating additional fiscal space, containing inflation, modernising monetary policy, strengthening the financial sector, boosting growth potential and building climate resilience.

"Skilled Immigration, Innovation and Wages of Native-born American", Presented at the Annual Conference, Association of Law and Econ, at Shandong University, Jinan, China, 07/ 2012

"Economic Growth Financial Development, Energy Use and CO2 Emissions: Is there an Environmental Kuznets Curve in Bangladesh?" with M. Shahbaz, Presented at the Annual Conference, Association of Law and Econ, at Shandong University, Jinan, China, 07/ 2012 "Environmental Kuznets Curve in Bangladesh: An Empirical Assessment?" Presented at the Western Economic Association Conference in Brisbane Australia, 04/ 2011

"Financial Development and Income Inequality in Pakistan: An Application of ARDL Approach" Presented at the Economic History Asson, Stellenbosch University South Africa, 11/ 2010

"Immigration and long-run economic outcomes: An extension of the Solow growth model", Global Academy of Bus and Econ Research Conference in KL, Malaysia, 12/ 2009

"Contagion of Asian Crisis: A GARCH Approach" " presented at the 84th Western Economic Association Annual Meeting, Vancouver, 06/ 2009

"Impact of Economic Education on Business Student Success" Presented at Teaching Conference at the University of Nevada-Reno, 04/ 2009

"Impact of Immigration on Labor Market in a Developed Economy: Evidence from the US", presented at the Western Economic Association Conference, Kyoto, Japan 03/ 2009

"Economic and Strategic Alliance between India and the US: The Evolving Role of Outsourcing in a Globalized World" Presented at the GCBE conference, Florence Italy, 10/2008

"Bankruptcy Stock Return and the NASDAQ Dynamics" Global Association of Business and Economic Research Conference, Bangkok, 12/ 2007

"The Impact of Economic Education on Student Performance In Business Curriculum: Is There a Variation by Areas Of Concentration?" Presentation at the Academy of Business Education Conference at the Fairmont Southampton, Hamilton, Bermuda, 09/2007

"Effect of Government Spending on Non-Oil GDP of Bahrain", presented at WEAI Beijing, 01/2007

"The Long-run Relation Immigration & Economic Growth: Further Evidence", WEAI Beijing, 01/07

"Persistence of shock in a time series: An Empirical Analysis Bangladesh Railway Earnings", presented at the Western Economic Association International Conference, Hong Kong, 01/ 2005

"Determinants of Student Loan: Evidence from a Simultaneous Tobit Model", an earlier version was presented at the 80th Western Economic Association Conference at San Francisco, 01/ 2005

"What is Happening to the Bangladesh Railway: An Econometric Investigation"; Midwest Economics Association, Chicago, 03/2005.

"Herd Behavior in the Asian Currency Crisis", Western Economic Association International Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, 01/ 2003

"Role of Prerequisites in the Statistics Course", Clute Institute, Puerto Vallerta, Mexico, 04/ 2002 006ab0faaa