Reading books can be a great way to learn new skills and knowledge to become a better professional. Out of personal experience, I can confidently say that this type of reading can totally set you up for success.
But over the last few years, my experience of reading Bangla books has not been as dreamy as it used to be when I was younger. Despite the books containing quality content and beautiful production value, I felt that the editing and proofreading lacked effort on the publisher's part. One instance of incoherence, one spelling mistake, and grammatical error is enough to ruin the entire experience.
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But it kept on happening, again and again. In different books, of different genres, by different writers and publishers. I brought it up with friends who read regularly. Is it just me, or does it happen to you as well? Turns out, it is indeed a problem that Bangladeshi readers have internalised when it comes to local publications.
According to the author, the limited amount of revenue generated from the sales of books leaves little to no revenue for the publishers to invest more in the editorial process and hire better proofreaders. Thus, the production quality falls drastically.
"The jobs of editors and proofreaders are entirely different. An editor's job is to focus on the content and overall quality of the work, while a proofreader is there to fix grammatical errors. [In Bangladesh], editors fill in for proofreaders, which adds to their workload, decreasing the quality of the books as a consequence," he explains.
"We want to publish books all year long, but don't get manuscripts from authors. They only submit some months before the Boi Mela, and we get less time to improve the quality of the production. The rush reduces the quality drastically."
When asked how the situation can improve, Das said they need more people who are interested in books and in working in publication, to create a strong pool of editors and publishers, whom they can also pay well and on time.
"We need to establish more solid connections with universities, especially students and faculties of literature and print and publication. We need more people who are enthusiastic and interested in books and literature in general," he said.
This project aims to archive Bengali 'popular books' - street literature targeted at a demotic, non-metropolitan public, using traditional obsolescent technology, geared to a non-elite, virtually pre-industrial social phase. They exist alongside elite publications, but are marketed through entirely different channels for a different readership: through the humbler type of bookshops , but more often through hawkers on roads, buses and trains, in stalls and village haats (temporary markets). They are at a still more humble, demotic level than 'Bat-tala' publications. The latter have received some attention, but the 'street literature' has never been collected or archived, and seldom studied - they are totally ignored in formal literary and academic circles.
The books are of unique sociological interest, illustrating a changing society, culture and economy of Bengal at a popular level. The great variety is itself crucial to the social picture. They illustrate special sectors of Bengali printing history and book trade and special developments of the Bengali language. They were invariably printed cheaply on poor paper, quickly discoloured, and badly handled and preserved. However, the majority are in a fit state for scanning or digital photography.
The paper and printing of these books is poor and readily deteriorates, especially given the hot humid climate. Each print run is quickly exhausted, almost like ephemera though not technically such. Reprints and new editions may appear, but each issue has a very short market life as well as a short shelf life. They are sometimes found only in single copies in remote locations.
The aim of the project was to digitise the wide range of books circulating at a very humble, popular level in West Bengal, India, especially Kolkata and surrounding districts. They are sold by pedlars and at roadside stalls, village markets and fairs. Though not technically ephemera, these books seldom last as they are cheaply produced and fragile, and their clients do not belong to a culture of reading and conservation.
Covering all subjects from religion to pornography, mythology to technology, law and government, these books mirror social and mental life in the humbler reaches of Bengali society. They also illustrate interesting printing and marketing practices not found in elite publishing. Besides the chapbook proper, pamphlet-type publications introducing new films or plays have been digitised and unusual types of material documented, like Islamic-style kissa books, bound at the right margin and written in a strongly Islamic idiom; or books presenting Oriya texts in Bengali script. Some examples of both types date back a hundred years.
These books have never been digitised before, and scarcely collected. This project ensures the preservation of this priceless sociological and typographical material before it disappears like the 19th-century English chapbook.
3. Preserving a near-complete run of 'cinema booklets', invaluable material for any historian of Bengali cinema; a substantial body of similar 'theatre booklets'; and a large range of books (often with notation) of film songs and other popular songs.
The Hiteshranjan Sanyal Memorial Archive is a huge collection of textual and visual materials mainly focused on colonial Bengal. Starting in 1993, the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta (CSSSC) has undertaken the task of microfilming and digitising a huge amount of textual sources, including all the major journals of colonial Bengal. This unique collection also extends to rare Bengali books, Assamese journals and books, as well as visual art and popular culture (such as specimens of historical Bengali advertising).
Instead of punishing the killers, the Bangladesh government curried favour with Islamist parties and organisations that provided ideological motivation and justifications for the attacks. In its overzealous attempts to pander to their demands, the government sent special police teams to the Ekushey Book Fair, an annual month-long fair held in February, to halt the display and sales of any book that might hurt religious sentiments. These developments have dealt a blow to the freedom of expression in Bangladesh of late, curtailing publication and circulation of numerous books.
Although many publishers, such as the University Press Limited, are increasingly considering the potential of releasing ebooks, digital editions are yet to gain wider currency in Bangladesh, mainly owing to cultural orientation, and also because of the high prices of devices.
One often wonders how one manages to buy books in a traffic-choked city like Dhaka, where travelling even five to ten kilometres may take several hours. It is precisely for this reason that many in the city have made it a literary ritual to buy a stack of books from the Ekushey Fair. For those living outside, though, bookshops were the only places to buy new books. In order to address this gap, two important changes in retail have taken place.
Secondly, big bookshops and reading cafes have re-emerged across Dhaka. There was a time when bookshops were concentrated between the Shahbagh and New Market areas, but this is no longer the case. More bookshops are coming up every year, with Baatighar as one of the biggest bookshops in Dhaka. Its owner Dipankar Das told me that English books account for 40 percent of his sales.
In the 1990s and 2000s, locally produced books by homegrown writers as well as imported books had a very small market. The market for English books was mostly sustained by a few shops, such as Bookworm and Zeenat Books Supply. A good portion of English readers relied on pirated copies. Taking advantage of lax government monitoring, many small businessmen brought out pirated copies of Pulitzer, Booker, and Nobel winning books.
Some respite came around April 20, when a few couriers resumed their services, allowing some bookshop owners and online sellers to make home deliveries. However, going by my conversations with shop-owners and publishers, such sales were meagre. This unprecedented downturn in sales caught publishers unawares, as they were just about to launch their yearly marketing campaigns after the Ekushey Book Fair. tag_hash_106
Since May 31, the lockdown has eased out, bookshops have opened ,and online platforms have resumed their activities, but sales have followed a downward curve as the number of deaths from the virus keeps rising.
Forced to stay indoors after work, readers have time to read. But the challenge of getting them to visit bookshops and cafes remains. Most people rush home after working hours, and those who do linger outside, it is to buy essential supplies. A bookshop owner from Aziz Cooperative Market in Shahbagh told me his sales have dropped by 90 percent since the beginning of June.
In the meantime, publishers are being chased by printers and binders for the money owed to them, while more than half of their books printed in the months preceding the Ekushey Book Fair are gathering dust in their warehouses or bookshops. Needless to say, salaries are being cut a little more every month. If the situation continues, it is highly likely that several smaller bookshop owners will go out of business.
Many publishers also believe the government should launch massive campaigns to enforce social distancing, so that readers are encouraged to visit bookshops again. Publishers are also offering home delivery services, and many are urging readers to order books on online platforms like Rokomari. Further, in the event that another lockdown is put in place, publishers have demanded that courier services remain open and all people associated with book deliveries be allowed to run their operations.
Ftpther Premptrer bi ebong Mjhri Griber Atmo-Porichoy (Love letters in the street books and the formation of the moderate urban poor). Protichinta, (3) 2: pp. 86-104. 2013
Date: 08/15/2013 0852c4b9a8
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