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On the other hand, if an employer retains a company to perform pre-employment screening services including criminal history checks, identification and Social Security number checks, education verifications, employment verifications, and reference checks, such activities do involve the provision of consumer reports since they touch upon an individual's character, general reputation, personal characteristics, or mode of living.” Further, the company providing the criminal history check is a consumer reporting agency” (CRA”) which is defined in the FCRA as any person which, for monetary fees, dues, or on a cooperative nonprofit basis, regularly engages in whole or in part in the practice of assembling or evaluating consumer credit information or other information on consumers for the purpose of furnishing consumer reports to third parties.”2. The federal Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) governs an employer's request for or use of a consumer report” or investigative consumer report” prepared or collected by a consumer reporting agency.” The FCRA's requirements do not apply if the employer uses its own employees to search any state records depository for background information, such as sending an employee to the county courthouse to check the public records for any lawsuits filed by or against an applicant or employee (compilations of publicly available background information by a third party may still constitute a consumer report” subject to the FCRA). As a reminder, an employer triggers FCRA obligations when it requests a consumer report” on an applicant or employee, a term which includes a broad category of reports such as driving records, criminal records, credit reports, and many other reports procured from a third-party, consumer reporting agency such as a credit-reporting company, a record-checking company, or an investigative firm. Class action lawsuits involving the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) will not be the only compliance concern for employers performing background checks in an increasingly complex legal environment in 2019.
What shows up on a criminal background check depends on what the check is for, and what state it's being run in. For certain purposes such as employment, background checks are subject to the Fair Credit Reporting Act (or FCRA), a law intended to protect the applicant from unfair discrimination and to provide transparency by making sure that the applicant gives permission before the background check is run , and that they get a copy of the background check if desired. Unlike Ban the Box” laws, which generally restrict employers from inquiring about or considering applicant or employee criminal history information in certain contexts, the FCRA applies if an employer engages a Consumer Reporting Agency to provide any regulated information concerning a job applicant or employee, including criminal history. The FCRA governs the manner in which employers may conduct background checks (by procuring consumer reports” from consumer reporting agencies) in the hiring process and during employment.
Accurate Reporting: CRAs must establish and follow reasonable procedures to assure maximum possible accuracy of the information concerning the individual about whom the report relates.” The FTC notes also that certain practices may be indicators that a background screening company isn't following reasonable procedures,” and provides the following example: if a report lists criminal convictions for people other than the applicant or employee - for instance, a person with a middle name or date of birth different from the applicant's - that raises FCRA compliance concerns.” Other indicators” according to the FTC are when a CRA provides screening reports with multiple entries for the same offense or that list criminal records that have been expunged or otherwise sealed.” The FTC first addresses the question, When is an employment background screening company a ‘consumer reporting agency'?” The answer, according to the FTC, is that a business may be a CRA if it provides information about people to employers for use in hiring or other employment decisions,” and specifically provides information to employers bearing on a consumer's credit worthiness, credit standing, credit capacity, character, general reputation, personal characteristics, or mode of living.” Although somewhat self-evident, this description illustrates that when employers conduct their own background inquiries, they are not consumer reporting agencies and their inquiries are not subject to the FCRA. On May 10, 2016, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) released a new publication related to background checks and the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) titled What Employment Background Screening Companies Need to Know About the Fair Credit Reporting Act.1 As the name suggests, the publication surveys the obligations that consumer reporting agencies (background check companies or CRAs) have under the FCRA when compiling employment-purposed consumer reports (background reports).
https://hr.uiowa.edu/policies/background-checks
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