More information on the global context:

Jim Crow Laws (1864-1965)

• The Nazis based many of the Nuremberg Laws (antisemitic and racist laws) on the American Jim Crow Laws. Jim Crow laws were enacted in the South starting in the 1870s after the Civil War.

• These laws segregated and demeaned African Americans, taking away many of their rights. The Jim Crow Museum displays racist artifacts to get the viewers to think deeply about the Jim Crow Era. To learn more visit: https://www.ferris.edu/HTMLS/news/jimcrow/index.htm

• To learn more about Plessy vs. Ferguson, visit: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/plessy-v-ferguson#:~:text=Sources-,Plessy%20v.,a%20car%20for%20Black%20people.

Paragraph 175 (1871-1994)

• To view the content of paragraph 175, visit: https://www.facinghistory.org/weimar-republic-fragility-democracy/society/paragraph-175-society-homophobia).

• To learn more about the persecution of queer people during the holocaust, visit: https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/paragraph-175-and-the-nazi-campaign-against-homosexuality

• To explore the intersectionality of queer Jewish identity, visit: https://blog.history.ac.uk/2019/03/queer-history-and-the-holocaust/

• To view accounts of queer victims, visit: The US Holocaust Memorial Museum's ID Card Project

The Russian Revolution (1917-1923)

• To learn more about the Russian revolution, visit: https://www.history.com/topics/russia/russian-revolution

• To learn more about the Revolution's long-term impacts, visit: //upfront.scholastic.com/issues/2017-18/121117/the-russian-revolution.html#1330L

Rise of the Nazi Party (1921-1933)

• Despite coming to power entirely legally, Hitler and the Nazi Party took advantage of Germany's weakened state after the first World War. To learn more about Hitler's democratic rise to power

• visit: https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/adolf-hitler

• To view a timeline of Hitler's rise to power, visit: https://www.thoughtco.com/hitlers-rise-to-power-timeline-1221353

Hitler as Chancellor (1933)

• Charisma and speaking skills

• Gave the German's someone to blame for their loss in the war, by using Jews as a scapegoat

• Focused on building a new Germany and more jobs for the unemployed (remember there was a worldwide economic depression at this point)

• Used terror to reinforce his power

• Spread propaganda and controlled the media to indoctrinate Germans

For more on Adolf Hitler, visit: https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/adolf-hitler-1

Japanese Internment Camps (1942-1945)

• To learn more about the history of Japanese internment camps in the US, visit: https://www.nps.gov/articles/japanese-american-internment-archeology.htm

• To learn more about conditions at the camps, visit: https://dp.la/exhibitions/japanese-internment/road-camps

• To learn more about the long-term effects of internment on survivors, visit: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/injustice-japanese-americans-internment-camps-resonates-strongly-180961422/

Rosenstrasse Protests (1943)

• To learn more about the protests and the policies that inspired them, visit: https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-rosenstrasse-demonstration-1943

US Civil Rights Act (1964)

• To read the Civil Rights Act as it appears in the US Code, visit: https://www.eeoc.gov/statutes/title-vii-civil-rights-act-1964

• To learn more about the Civil Rights act and the actions leading up to its passage into law, visit: https://www.nps.gov/articles/civil-rights-act.htm

• To learn more about Black civil rights leaders throughout history, visit: https://libguides.franklinpierce.edu/black-history/black-activists

Stonewall Riots (1969)

• To learn more about the Stonewall riots and the precipitating climate, visit: https://guides.loc.gov/lgbtq-studies/stonewall-era

• To learn more about the trans and queer women of color who led the LGBTQ+ community, visit: https://www.jcfs.org/response/blog/history-pride-part2

Neuengamme Holocaust Memorial (1985)

• To view images of the memorials at Neuengamme, visit: https://fcit.usf.edu/holocaust/RESOURCE/GALLERY/NEUA.htm

• To learn more about memorials dedicated to queer victims of the holocaust, visit: https://wagner.edu/holocaust-center/homosexuality-and-the-holocaust/