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Topography
The colors of the map indicate where certain rocks are, and they are those colors for a reason, geologists picked these colors out so they can indicate where these rocks are located and to keep track of them in different areas of the world. Topography also shows in a drawing version as we did in class how the small circles of a mountain range would mean that it is very steep and circles being farther apart would mean that it is a flatter surface.
Geological Time Periods
The Precambrian, the Paleozoic, the Mesozoic, and the Cenozoic eras are the first geological time periods to be used to group Earth history. Periods, a further division of eras into smaller groups, are used by scientists to identify historical changes on Earth. The ages of rocks are the primary sources of data used by geologists to identify geological eras and periods.
Geologists can determine the age of rocks using a variety of techniques, including relative age, the law of superposition, index fossils, relative dating, and radioactive dating. This research study discusses two significant occurrences from each geological epoch with the date scientists believe they occurred, the proof they used to support that date, and an explanation of how the scientists arrived at those dates of their outcomes.
It is obvious that employing radioactive dating and comparing rocks were key contributors to resolving the mysteries surrounding Earth's origins. The "first one-celled animals developed in the water, marking a major turning point in the Precambrian era." These single-celled creatures contributed to the creation of new life by releasing oxygen into the water and air surrounding the Earth. After that, by utilizing atmospheric carbon dioxide and emitting oxygen, photosynthetic organisms integrated themselves into the Earth.
Simple soft-bodied animals were the final life form to emerge during this age, and since these animals lack vertebrates, there aren't many fossils left to serve as proof. According to the following information, "the amount of C-14 in any sample of carbon-containing material can be found by measuring the level of radioactive decay and comparing that with the decay rate observed in a carbon sample exposed to the continuous mixing of C-12 and C-14 produced in the upper atmosphere at the surface of the earth." Scientists know that one-celled organisms, photosynthetic organisms, and soft-bodied animals were the first species on earth.
Using the C-14 ratio we can determine the age of the index fossil. The Paleozoic era, the second in Earth's history, has these active periods: the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian. During these times, plants and more complex animals began to emerge as a result of the numerous changes taking place on Earth. The majority of the major animal groupings first formed during the Cambrian Period, which is supported by fossil discoveries made using relative dating and index fossils. This was a key turning point in the development of the present species.
During this time, a wide variety of species, including metazoans, sponges, corals, molluscs, echinoderms, bryozoans, brachiopods, arthropods, trilobites, archaeocythas, and small shelled animals, covered the entire planet. Additionally, it was at this time that the first fish fossils with missing jaws were discovered.
The Mesozoic Era, which the majority of people in contemporary society refer to as the Dinosaur Era, might also be summed up in that way. Although humans were never able to view one in person, scientists and geologists have discovered numerous ways to determine what they looked like and how they behaved. These beasts formerly "dominated our continents with enormous sizes, forms, and species." Because to their work, we now have a better understanding of the enormous species that existed before us and can make assumptions and conduct study to determine why and how they were eventually wiped off the face of the planet. Body For a variety of causes, the disappearance of dinosaurs is regarded as mysterious. Humans lack direct evidence of what actually transpired the end of this era but what these animals had no chance of survival from the supernova that hit our planet.
Lastly, the Cenozoic era was the end of Dinosaurs but the rise of mammals and birds of "new life." the diversity of life during the Cenozoic is far wider than mammals. The Cenozoic could also be called the "Age of Insects, Age of Teleost Fish, Age of Birds, or the Age of Flowering Plants" just as accurately.
(Sources: Lecture Notes & William Lonsdale | British geologist | Britannica )
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